Osteoporosis historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Osteoporosis was first discovered by John Hunter, Britain surgeon, in 1800's. He found that bones in human body are turning over, continuously; when some old or dysfunctioned [[bone]] tissue become eroded and eliminated, the new fully functioned one being substituted. Nowadays, the process called remodeling, the most important issue in osteoporosis pathophysiology. Jean Lobstein, a French pathologist of 1830's, found that there are normal holes in every bones; but some people bones from specific age and diseases may have larger holes than normal ones. He eventually named theses kinds of [[bones]] as ''porous''; thus the disease became called ''osteoporosis''. | [[Osteoporosis]] was first discovered by John Hunter, Britain [[surgeon]], in 1800's. He found that [[bones]] in [[human body]] are turning over, continuously; when some old or dysfunctioned [[bone]] tissue become eroded and eliminated, the new fully functioned one being substituted. Nowadays, the process is called remodeling, the most important issue in [[osteoporosis]] [[pathophysiology]]. Jean Lobstein, a French [[pathologist]] of 1830's, found that there are normal holes in every [[bones]]; but some people's [[bones]] from specific age and [[diseases]] may have larger holes than normal ones. He eventually named theses kinds of [[bones]] as ''[[porous]]''; thus the [[disease]] became called ''[[osteoporosis]]''. | ||
==Osteoporosis historical Perspective== | ==Osteoporosis historical Perspective== | ||
Osteoporosis was first discovered by John Hunter, Britain surgeon, in 1800's. He found that bones in human body are turning over, continuously; when some old or dysfunctioned [[bone]] tissue become eroded and eliminated, the new fully functioned one being substituted. Nowadays, the process called remodeling, the most important issue in osteoporosis pathophysiology. Jean Lobstein, a French pathologist of 1830's, found that there are normal holes in every bones; but some people bones from specific age and diseases may have larger holes than normal ones. He eventually named theses kinds of [[bones]] as ''porous''; thus the disease became called ''osteoporosis''.<ref name="urlHistory of Osteoporosis">{{cite web |url=http://reliawire.com/history-osteoporosis/ |title=History of Osteoporosis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | [[Osteoporosis]] was first discovered by John Hunter, Britain [[surgeon]], in 1800's. He found that [[bones]] in [[human body]] are turning over, continuously; when some old or dysfunctioned [[bone]] tissue become eroded and eliminated, the new fully functioned one being substituted. Nowadays, the process is called remodeling, the most important issue in [[osteoporosis]] [[pathophysiology]]. Jean Lobstein, a French [[pathologist]] of 1830's, found that there are normal holes in every [[bones]]; but some people's [[bones]] from specific age and [[diseases]] may have larger holes than normal ones. He eventually named theses kinds of [[bones]] as ''[[porous]]''; thus the [[disease]] became called ''[[osteoporosis]]''.<ref name="urlHistory of Osteoporosis">{{cite web |url=http://reliawire.com/history-osteoporosis/ |title=History of Osteoporosis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
[[Bone]] with holes, osteoporosis, is seen in over 4000 years old Egyptian mummies; showed the revealing sign of osteoporosis called "Dowager's Hump". | |||
Many developments have been made in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis over the years; however, osteoporosis remains a significant challenge within the field of medicine. | [[Bone]] with holes, [[osteoporosis]], is seen in over 4000 years old Egyptian [[Mummy baby|mummies]]; showed the revealing sign of [[osteoporosis]] called "Dowager's Hump". | ||
Many developments have been made in the treatment and [[prevention]] of [[osteoporosis]] over the years; however, [[osteoporosis]] remains a significant challenge within the field of medicine. | |||
The link between age-related reductions in [[bone]] [[density]] and [[Bone fracture|fracture]] risk goes back to Astley Cooper; and the term "[[osteoporosis]]", recognition of its [[pathological]] appearance in the 1830's is generally attributed to the French [[pathologist]], Lobstein.<ref>Lobstein JGCFM. ''Lehrbuch der pathologischen Anatomie.'' Stuttgart: Bd II, 1835.</ref> | |||
The American [[endocrinologist]], Fuller Albright from [[Massachusetts General Hospital]], linked [[osteoporosis]] with the [[postmenopausal]] state. Thus, in the 1940's, he started to treat [[menopausal]] women with [[estrogen]] in order to prevent further [[bone]] loss.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Albright F, Bloomberg E, Smith PH|year=1940 |month= |title= Postmenopausal osteoporosis |journal=Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians. |volume=55 |pages=298-305}}</ref> | |||
In the 1960's, researchers developed more sensitive methods to detect early [[bone loss]]; such as bone densitometers. | |||
Bisphosponates which inhibit [[bone]] resorption, and revolutionized the treatment of [[osteoporosis]]; were discovered in the 1960s by Herbert Fleisch.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Patlak M |title=Bone builders: the discoveries behind preventing and treating osteoporosis |journal=FASEB J. |volume=15|issue=10 |pages=1677E–E |year=2001 |pmid=11481214 |doi=}}</ref> | |||
In 1984, the [[National Institute of Health|National Institute of Health (NIH)]] publicized this [[disease]], and brought attention to [[osteoporosis]] as a significant threat to [[health]]; with the emphasis that [[bone loss]] could be reduced by [[estrogen]] therapy, [[calcium]] supplementation, good [[nutrition]], and [[Physical exercise|exercise]].<ref name="urlThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program: Osteoporosis">{{cite web |url=https://consensus.nih.gov/1984/1984Osteoporosis043html.htm |title=The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program: Osteoporosis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
In the 1980's and 1990's researchers discovered the specific [[cytokines]] which influence the activity of [[osteoclasts]], the components that cause [[bone]] breakdown.<ref name="pmid26491648">{{cite journal| author=Pagliari D, Ciro Tamburrelli F, Zirio G, Newton EE, Cianci R| title=The role of "bone immunological niche" for a new pathogenetic paradigm of osteoporosis. | journal=Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue= | pages= 434389 | pmid=26491648 | doi=10.1155/2015/434389 | pmc=4605147 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26491648 }} </ref> | In the 1980's and 1990's researchers discovered the specific [[cytokines]] which influence the activity of [[osteoclasts]], the components that cause [[bone]] breakdown.<ref name="pmid26491648">{{cite journal| author=Pagliari D, Ciro Tamburrelli F, Zirio G, Newton EE, Cianci R| title=The role of "bone immunological niche" for a new pathogenetic paradigm of osteoporosis. | journal=Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue= | pages= 434389 | pmid=26491648 | doi=10.1155/2015/434389 | pmc=4605147 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26491648 }} </ref> | ||
Selective | |||
[[Selective estrogen receptor modulator|Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)]], such as [[raloxifene]], entered the market around 1998. They also have been found to treat [[breast tumors]] and to stimulate the [[growth]] of [[uterine]] cells.<ref name="raloxifen">{{cite book | last = Macor| first = John| title = Annual reports in medicinal chemistry | publisher = Elsevier/Academic Press | location = London, UK | year = 2008 | isbn = 9780123743442 }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 15:07, 11 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2], Charmaine Patel, M.D. [3]
Overview
Osteoporosis was first discovered by John Hunter, Britain surgeon, in 1800's. He found that bones in human body are turning over, continuously; when some old or dysfunctioned bone tissue become eroded and eliminated, the new fully functioned one being substituted. Nowadays, the process is called remodeling, the most important issue in osteoporosis pathophysiology. Jean Lobstein, a French pathologist of 1830's, found that there are normal holes in every bones; but some people's bones from specific age and diseases may have larger holes than normal ones. He eventually named theses kinds of bones as porous; thus the disease became called osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis historical Perspective
Osteoporosis was first discovered by John Hunter, Britain surgeon, in 1800's. He found that bones in human body are turning over, continuously; when some old or dysfunctioned bone tissue become eroded and eliminated, the new fully functioned one being substituted. Nowadays, the process is called remodeling, the most important issue in osteoporosis pathophysiology. Jean Lobstein, a French pathologist of 1830's, found that there are normal holes in every bones; but some people's bones from specific age and diseases may have larger holes than normal ones. He eventually named theses kinds of bones as porous; thus the disease became called osteoporosis.[1]
Bone with holes, osteoporosis, is seen in over 4000 years old Egyptian mummies; showed the revealing sign of osteoporosis called "Dowager's Hump".
Many developments have been made in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis over the years; however, osteoporosis remains a significant challenge within the field of medicine.
The link between age-related reductions in bone density and fracture risk goes back to Astley Cooper; and the term "osteoporosis", recognition of its pathological appearance in the 1830's is generally attributed to the French pathologist, Lobstein.[2]
The American endocrinologist, Fuller Albright from Massachusetts General Hospital, linked osteoporosis with the postmenopausal state. Thus, in the 1940's, he started to treat menopausal women with estrogen in order to prevent further bone loss.[3]
In the 1960's, researchers developed more sensitive methods to detect early bone loss; such as bone densitometers.
Bisphosponates which inhibit bone resorption, and revolutionized the treatment of osteoporosis; were discovered in the 1960s by Herbert Fleisch.[4]
In 1984, the National Institute of Health (NIH) publicized this disease, and brought attention to osteoporosis as a significant threat to health; with the emphasis that bone loss could be reduced by estrogen therapy, calcium supplementation, good nutrition, and exercise.[5]
In the 1980's and 1990's researchers discovered the specific cytokines which influence the activity of osteoclasts, the components that cause bone breakdown.[6]
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as raloxifene, entered the market around 1998. They also have been found to treat breast tumors and to stimulate the growth of uterine cells.[7]
References
- ↑ "History of Osteoporosis".
- ↑ Lobstein JGCFM. Lehrbuch der pathologischen Anatomie. Stuttgart: Bd II, 1835.
- ↑ Albright F, Bloomberg E, Smith PH (1940). "Postmenopausal osteoporosis". Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians. 55: 298–305.
- ↑ Patlak M (2001). "Bone builders: the discoveries behind preventing and treating osteoporosis". FASEB J. 15 (10): 1677E–E. PMID 11481214.
- ↑ "The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program: Osteoporosis".
- ↑ Pagliari D, Ciro Tamburrelli F, Zirio G, Newton EE, Cianci R (2015). "The role of "bone immunological niche" for a new pathogenetic paradigm of osteoporosis". Anal Cell Pathol (Amst). 2015: 434389. doi:10.1155/2015/434389. PMC 4605147. PMID 26491648.
- ↑ Macor, John (2008). Annual reports in medicinal chemistry. London, UK: Elsevier/Academic Press. ISBN 9780123743442.