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==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
 
If left untreated patients with Bourbon virus infection, may develop hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and eventually death. Complications that can develop as a result of Bourbon virus infection are [[meningitis]], [[encephalitis]], [[multiorgan failure]]. From 2014-2017 only 5 cases have been reported with Bourbon virus infection and all resulted in death.


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==

Revision as of 18:11, 13 July 2017

Bourbon virus infection Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Bourbon virus infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X-ray

CT

MRI

ECG

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Historical Perspective

In 2014, Olga Kosoy, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention isolated Bourbon virus for the first time from a blood sample of an infected person in Bourbon County, Kansas, United States.

Classification

Bourbon virus infection can be classified under tick-borne diseases.

Pathophysiology

Causes

Bourbon virus infection is caused by a type of thogotovirus, which belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family. It is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, which is segmented and exists in two different morphologies.[1]

Differentiating Bourbon virus infection from other Diseases

Bourbon virus infection must be differentiated from other diseases that may cause arthralgia, fever, and skin manifestations with the history of exposure to ticks. The differential diagnosis of Bourbon virus disease includes Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, leptospirosis, and influenza.

Epidemiology and Demographics

There have been a very limited number of Bourbon virus disease cases identified in the United States since 2014. [2]

Risk Factors

The most potent risk factor in the development of Bourbon virus infection is a tick bite. Other risk factors include traveling or residing within endemic regions will increase chances of infection.

Screening

According to CDC, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for Bourbon virus infection.[2]

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

If left untreated patients with Bourbon virus infection, may develop hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and eventually death. Complications that can develop as a result of Bourbon virus infection are meningitis, encephalitis, multiorgan failure. From 2014-2017 only 5 cases have been reported with Bourbon virus infection and all resulted in death.

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X ray

CT scan

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

There is no specific treatment, cure, or vaccine for Bourbon virus infection. Early diagnosis, hospitalization, and supportive therapy are fundamentals of treatment.

Surgery

Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of Bourbon virus infection.

Primary Prevention

There is no vaccine or drug to prevent Bourbon virus disease. Therefore, preventing bites from ticks and other insects is the best way to prevent infection.[3]

Secondary Prevention

Secondary preventive measures for Bourbon virus infection are similar to primary prevention.

References

  1. Lambert AJ, Velez JO, Brault AC, Calvert AE, Bell-Sakyi L, Bosco-Lauth AM, Staples JE, Kosoy OI (2015). "Molecular, serological and in vitro culture-based characterization of Bourbon virus, a newly described human pathogen of the genus Thogotovirus". J. Clin. Virol. 73: 127–32. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2015.10.021. PMID 26609638.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Bourbon virus | Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD) | NCEZID | CDC".
  3. Schweon, Steven J. (2016). "Bourbon virus". Nursing. 46 (4): 65. doi:10.1097/01.NURSE.0000481418.81092.98. ISSN 0360-4039.

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