Staphylococcus haemolyticus: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Line 19: Line 19:
===Antimicrobial regimen===
===Antimicrobial regimen===
:* [[CoNS|Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative species (CoNS)]]
:* [[CoNS|Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative species (CoNS)]]
*Staphylococcus epidermidis<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref>
:*Staphylococcus epidermidis<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref>
:*1. '''Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis'''
:*1. '''Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis'''
::*Preferred regimen (1): [[Oxacillin]] 1-2 g IV q4h
::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Oxacillin]] 1-2 g IV q4h
::*Preferred regimen (2): [[Nafcillin]] 1-2 g IV q4h
::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Nafcillin]] 1-2 g IV q4h
::*Preferred regimen (3): [[Cephalothin]]
::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Cephalothin]]
::*Alternative regimen: [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd {{plus}} [[Sulfamethoxazole]] and [[Trimethoprim]] {{or}} [[Fluoroquinolones]] {{and}} [[Daptomycin]] 600 mg PO/IV q12h<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref>
::* Alternative regimen: [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd {{and}} [[Sulfamethoxazole]] and [[Trimethoprim]] ((or) [[Fluoroquinolones]]) {{and}} [[Daptomycin]] 600 mg PO or IV q12h<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref>
::*Note: 75% of the S. epidermidis are methicillin-resistant.
::* Note: 75% of the S. epidermidis are methicillin-resistant.
:*2. '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis'''
:*2. '''Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis'''
::*Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h {{withorwithout}} [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd
::* Preferred regimen: [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h with or without [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd
:*Note: For deep-seated infections consider adding [[Gentamicin]] {{and}}/{{or}} [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd to the regimen<ref name="pmid15956145">{{cite journal| author=Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Bolger AF, Levison ME et al.| title=Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Circulation | year= 2005 | volume= 111 | issue= 23 | pages= e394-434 | pmid=15956145 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15956145  }} </ref>
::* Note: For deep-seated infections consider adding [[Gentamicin]] with or without [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd to the regimen<ref name="pmid15956145">{{cite journal| author=Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Bolger AF, Levison ME et al.| title=Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Circulation | year= 2005 | volume= 111 | issue= 23 | pages= e394-434 | pmid=15956145 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15956145  }} </ref>
:*3. '''Prosthetic device infections'''
:*3. '''Prosthetic device infections'''
::*Preferred regimen: [[Oxacillin]] 1-2 g IV q4h {{or}} [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h {{plus}} [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/day IV/IM q8-24h is appropriate<ref name="pmid15956145">{{cite journal| author=Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Bolger AF, Levison ME et al.| title=Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Circulation | year= 2005 | volume= 111 | issue= 23 | pages= e394-434 | pmid=15956145 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15956145  }} </ref>
::* Preferred regimen: [[Oxacillin]] 1-2 g IV q4h ((or) [[Vancomycin]] 1 g IV q12h) {{and}} [[Rifampin]] 600 mg/day PO qd {{and}} [[Gentamicin]] 3 mg/kg/day IV/IM q8-24h is appropriate<ref name="pmid15956145">{{cite journal| author=Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Bolger AF, Levison ME et al.| title=Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Circulation | year= 2005 | volume= 111 | issue= 23 | pages= e394-434 | pmid=15956145 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15956145  }} </ref>
:*Note: Duration depends on site of infection and severity.
::* Note: Duration depends on site of infection and severity.
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 12:56, 6 August 2015

Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Staphylococcaceae
Genus: Staphylococcus
Species: S. haemolyticus
Binomial name
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Schleifer & Kloos 1975

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a species of bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is a Gram positive coccus, coagulase negative, and catalase positive. Frequently found as a commensal organism on the skin of humans and animals, S. haemolyticus occurs infrequently as a cause of soft-tissue infections, usually in immunocompromised patients.[1]

S. haemolyticus is resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents.[2] Resistance to vancomycin has been recorded, and this is a cause for concern because such resistance could be acquired by other, more pathogenic staphylococci.

Treatment

Antimicrobial regimen

  • 2. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis
  • Preferred regimen: Vancomycin 1 g IV q12h with or without Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd
  • Note: For deep-seated infections consider adding Gentamicin with or without Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd to the regimen[5]
  • 3. Prosthetic device infections
  • Preferred regimen: Oxacillin 1-2 g IV q4h ((or) Vancomycin 1 g IV q12h) AND Rifampin 600 mg/day PO qd AND Gentamicin 3 mg/kg/day IV/IM q8-24h is appropriate[5]
  • Note: Duration depends on site of infection and severity.

References

  1. Rolston KVI, Bodey GP. (2003). Infections in Patients with Cancer. In: Cancer Medicine (Kufe DW et al, eds.) (6th ed. ed.). BC Decker. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
  2. Froggatt JW, Johnston JL, Galetto DW, Archer GL (1989). "Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 33 (4): 460–6. PMID 2729941 fulltext.
  3. Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
  4. Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Bolger AF, Levison ME; et al. (2005). "Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Circulation. 111 (23): e394–434. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564. PMID 15956145.

Template:Med-stub Template:Bacteria-stub