Adenocarcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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* The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. | * The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. | ||
''' | '''Survival rate by stage'''<ref>Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab </ref> | ||
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Revision as of 15:12, 22 December 2015
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Microchapters |
Differentiating Adenocarcinoma of the Lung from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
Treatment |
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Adenocarcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common complications of adenocarcinoma of the lung include nreathing difficulties, pneumonia, hemoptysis, pleural effusion, and metastasis.[1]
Natural History
- The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the symptoms tend to occur later in the course of the disease.[2]
- The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, dysphonia, dysphagia, lack of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention.
- While of duration of symptoms, the tumor cell may double 20 times.[2]
- In more advanced disease, the tumor may spread to other organs such as the spinal cord, brain, and bone.
- These patients may develop symptoms such as leg weakness, paresthesias, bladder dysfunction, seizures, hemiplegia, cranial nerve palsies, confusion , personality changes, skeletal pain, and pleuritic pain.[2]
- Once the cancer spreads to the other organs, it is most likely fatal.
Complications
- If the cancer grows in the airway, it may obstruct airflow, causing breathing difficulties. This can lead to accumulation of secretions behind the blockage, predisposing the patient to pneumonia.
- Occasionally lung cancer can cause bleeding in the airways which results in the patient coughing up blood.
- It is possible that lung cancer will cause pain as well, especially if it spreads to the lining of the lung, or other areas of the body, like the bones.
- There are treatments to help combat the pain.
- Lung cancer can cause fluid to build up in the lungs which can cause breathing difficulties.
- There are treatments available to help drain the excess fluid
- In many cases, lung cancer will spread out to other parts of the body. Some of the more common places lung cancer metastasizes to are the bones, liver, brain, and adrenal glands.
- Tumors in the top (apex) of the lung, known as Pancoast tumors,[4] may invade the local part of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to changed sweating patterns and eye muscle problems (a combination known as Horner's syndrome).
Prognosis
- The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; stage IA have the most favorable prognosis.
- The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.
Survival rate by stage[5]
Stage | 5-year survival rate |
---|---|
IA | 49% |
IB | 45% |
IIA | 30% |
IIB | 31% |
IIIA | 14% |
IIIB | 5% |
IV | 1% |
References
- ↑ Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Leary, A (2012). Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180757.
- ↑ Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015
- ↑ Jones, DR (Jul 1998). "Pancoast tumors of the lung". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 4 (4): 191–197. PMID 10813231. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (help) - ↑ Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab