ATG4B: Difference between revisions

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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Cysteine protease ATG4B''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''ATG4B'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid12446702">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mariño G, Uría JA, Puente XS, Quesada V, Bordallo J, López-Otín C | title = Human autophagins, a family of cysteine proteinases potentially implicated in cell degradation by autophagy | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 6 | pages = 3671–8 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12446702 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M208247200 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ATG4B ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23192| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_ATG4B_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2cy7.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2cy7}}, {{PDB2|2d1i}}, {{PDB2|2z0d}}, {{PDB2|2z0e}}
| Name = ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)
| HGNCid = 20790
| Symbol = ATG4B
| AltSymbols =; APG4B; AUTL1; MGC1353
| OMIM = 
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 88819
| MGIid = 
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008234 |text = cysteine-type peptidase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005829 |text = cytosol}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005875 |text = microtubule associated complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000045 |text = autophagic vacuole formation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006512 |text = ubiquitin cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006612 |text = protein targeting to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006914 |text = autophagy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015031 |text = protein transport}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 23192
    | Hs_Ensembl = 
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_037457
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_013325
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 
    | Hs_Uniprot = 
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 
    | Mm_Ensembl = 
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = 
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)''', also known as '''ATG4B''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ATG4B ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23192| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{PBB_Summary
One main function of Atg4 is to cleave the pre-protein of Atg8, leading to the non-lipidated soluble (-I) form which can be processed further by Atg3, Atg7, Atg5-12 into the lipidated form (-II) anchored to the autophagic membrane.
| section_title =
| summary_text = Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ATG4B ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23192| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
== Interactions ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
ATG4B has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[GABARAPL2]].<ref name=pmid17353931>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D | title = Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry | journal = Molecular Systems Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 89 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17353931 | pmc = 1847948 | doi = 10.1038/msb4100134 }}</ref><ref name=pmid16169070>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE | title = A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome | journal = Cell | volume = 122 | issue = 6 | pages = 957–68 | date = Sep 2005 | pmid = 16169070 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{UCSC gene info|ATG4B}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kraft LJ, Kenworthy AK | title = Imaging protein complex formation in the autophagy pathway: analysis of the interaction of LC3 and Atg4B(C74A) in live cells using Förster resonance energy transfer and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching | journal = Journal of Biomedical Optics | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 011008 | date = Jan 2012 | pmid = 22352642 | pmc = 3380812 | doi = 10.1117/1.JBO.17.1.011008 }}
| citations =  
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Research | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–70 | date = Feb 1999 | pmid = 10231032 | doi = 10.1093/dnares/6.1.63 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, ''et al.'' |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=6 |issue= 1 |pages= 63-70 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10231032 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA | title = DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination | journal = Genome Research | volume = 10 | issue = 11 | pages = 1788–95 | date = Nov 2000 | pmid = 11076863 | pmc = 310948 | doi = 10.1101/gr.143000 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA |title=DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 11 |pages= 1788-95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11076863 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Böcher M, Blöcker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Düsterhöft A, Beyer A, Köhrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwälder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A | title = Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs | journal = Genome Research | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 422–35 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11230166 | pmc = 311072 | doi = 10.1101/gr.GR1547R }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, ''et al.'' |title=Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 422-35 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230166 |doi= 10.1101/gr.154701 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, Oshitani-Okamoto S, Ohsumi Y, Yoshimori T | title = LC3, GABARAP and GATE16 localize to autophagosomal membrane depending on form-II formation | journal = Journal of Cell Science | volume = 117 | issue = Pt 13 | pages = 2805–12 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 15169837 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.01131 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mariño G, Uría JA, Puente XS, ''et al.'' |title=Human autophagins, a family of cysteine proteinases potentially implicated in cell degradation by autophagy. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 6 |pages= 3671-8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12446702 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M208247200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tanida I, Sou YS, Ezaki J, Minematsu-Ikeguchi N, Ueno T, Kominami E | title = HsAtg4B/HsApg4B/autophagin-1 cleaves the carboxyl termini of three human Atg8 homologues and delipidates microtubule-associated protein light chain 3- and GABAA receptor-associated protein-phospholipid conjugates | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 35 | pages = 36268–76 | date = Aug 2004 | pmid = 15187094 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M401461200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E | title = Human light chain 3/MAP1LC3B is cleaved at its carboxyl-terminal Met121 to expose Gly120 for lipidation and targeting to autophagosomal membranes | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 46 | pages = 47704–10 | date = Nov 2004 | pmid = 15355958 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M407016200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A | title = From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline | journal = Genome Research | volume = 14 | issue = 10B | pages = 2136–44 | date = Oct 2004 | pmid = 15489336 | pmc = 528930 | doi = 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, ''et al.'' |title=LC3, GABARAP and GATE16 localize to autophagosomal membrane depending on form-II formation. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=117 |issue= Pt 13 |pages= 2805-12 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15169837 |doi= 10.1242/jcs.01131 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE | title = A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome | journal = Cell | volume = 122 | issue = 6 | pages = 957–68 | date = Sep 2005 | pmid = 16169070 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tanida I, Sou YS, Ezaki J, ''et al.'' |title=HsAtg4B/HsApg4B/autophagin-1 cleaves the carboxyl termini of three human Atg8 homologues and delipidates microtubule-associated protein light chain 3- and GABAA receptor-associated protein-phospholipid conjugates. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 35 |pages= 36268-76 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15187094 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M401461200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sugawara K, Suzuki NN, Fujioka Y, Mizushima N, Ohsumi Y, Inagaki F | title = Structural basis for the specificity and catalysis of human Atg4B responsible for mammalian autophagy | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 280 | issue = 48 | pages = 40058–65 | date = Dec 2005 | pmid = 16183633 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M509158200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E |title=Human light chain 3/MAP1LC3B is cleaved at its carboxyl-terminal Met121 to expose Gly120 for lipidation and targeting to autophagosomal membranes. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 46 |pages= 47704-10 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15355958 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M407016200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kumanomidou T, Mizushima T, Komatsu M, Suzuki A, Tanida I, Sou YS, Ueno T, Kominami E, Tanaka K, Yamane T | title = The crystal structure of human Atg4b, a processing and de-conjugating enzyme for autophagosome-forming modifiers | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 355 | issue = 4 | pages = 612–8 | date = Jan 2006 | pmid = 16325851 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.018 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, del Val C, Arlt D, Hahne F, Bechtel S, Simpson J, Hofmann O, Hide W, Glatting KH, Huber W, Pepperkok R, Poustka A, Wiemann S | title = The LIFEdb database in 2006 | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = Database issue | pages = D415-8 | date = Jan 2006 | pmid = 16381901 | pmc = 1347501 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkj139 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, ''et al.'' |title=From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2136-44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489336 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tanida I, Sou YS, Minematsu-Ikeguchi N, Ueno T, Kominami E | title = Atg8L/Apg8L is the fourth mammalian modifier of mammalian Atg8 conjugation mediated by human Atg4B, Atg7 and Atg3 | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 273 | issue = 11 | pages = 2553–62 | date = Jun 2006 | pmid = 16704426 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05260.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, ''et al.'' |title=A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. |journal=Cell |volume=122 |issue= 6 |pages= 957-68 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16169070 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M | title = Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks | journal = Cell | volume = 127 | issue = 3 | pages = 635–48 | date = Nov 2006 | pmid = 17081983 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sugawara K, Suzuki NN, Fujioka Y, ''et al.'' |title=Structural basis for the specificity and catalysis of human Atg4B responsible for mammalian autophagy. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 48 |pages= 40058-65 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16183633 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M509158200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D | title = Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry | journal = Molecular Systems Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = 89 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17353931 | pmc = 1847948 | doi = 10.1038/msb4100134 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kumanomidou T, Mizushima T, Komatsu M, ''et al.'' |title=The crystal structure of human Atg4b, a processing and de-conjugating enzyme for autophagosome-forming modifiers. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=355 |issue= 4 |pages= 612-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16325851 |doi= 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.018 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, ''et al.'' |title=The LIFEdb database in 2006. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=34 |issue= Database issue |pages= D415-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16381901 |doi= 10.1093/nar/gkj139 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tanida I, Sou YS, Minematsu-Ikeguchi N, ''et al.'' |title=Atg8L/Apg8L is the fourth mammalian modifier of mammalian Atg8 conjugation mediated by human Atg4B, Atg7 and Atg3. |journal=FEBS J. |volume=273 |issue= 11 |pages= 2553-62 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16704426 |doi= 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05260.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, ''et al.'' |title=Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. |journal=Cell |volume=127 |issue= 3 |pages= 635-48 |year= 2006 |pmid= 17081983 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, ''et al.'' |title=Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. |journal=Mol. Syst. Biol. |volume=3 |issue= |pages= 89 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17353931 |doi= 10.1038/msb4100134 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=23192}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{protein-stub}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 22:53, 3 November 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

n/a

Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Cysteine protease ATG4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATG4B gene.[1][2]

Function

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.[2] One main function of Atg4 is to cleave the pre-protein of Atg8, leading to the non-lipidated soluble (-I) form which can be processed further by Atg3, Atg7, Atg5-12 into the lipidated form (-II) anchored to the autophagic membrane.

Interactions

ATG4B has been shown to interact with GABARAPL2.[3][4]

References

  1. Mariño G, Uría JA, Puente XS, Quesada V, Bordallo J, López-Otín C (Feb 2003). "Human autophagins, a family of cysteine proteinases potentially implicated in cell degradation by autophagy". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (6): 3671–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208247200. PMID 12446702.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: ATG4B ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)".
  3. Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.
  4. Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE (Sep 2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. PMID 16169070.

External links

Further reading