Gastroparesis other imaging findings: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Gastric emptying scintigraphy may be helpful in the diagnosis of gastroparesis. Findings include delayed gastric emptying of food on X-ray.
[[Gastric]] emptying [[scintigraphy]] is considered a [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard test]] for the [[diagnosis]] of gastroparesis. [[Delayed gastric emptying]] is confirmed by 10% [[Stomach|gastric]] retention at 4 hours. Factors that affect the results of this test include [[Medication|medications]], [[tobacco smoking]] and [[hyperglycemia]].


==Other Imaging Findings==
==Other Imaging Findings==


===Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy===
===Gastric emptying scintigraphy===
* Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy is considered as a gold standard of gastroparesis.<ref name="TangFriedenberg2011">{{cite journal|last1=Tang|first1=Derek M.|last2=Friedenberg|first2=Frank K.|title=Gastroparesis: Approach, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Management|journal=Disease-a-Month|volume=57|issue=2|year=2011|pages=74–101|issn=00115029|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2010.12.007}}</ref><ref name="KochCalles-Escandón2015">{{cite journal|last1=Koch|first1=Kenneth L.|last2=Calles-Escandón|first2=Jorge|title=Diabetic Gastroparesis|journal=Gastroenterology Clinics of North America|volume=44|issue=1|year=2015|pages=39–57|issn=08898553|doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2014.11.005}}</ref>
* [[Gastric]] emptying [[scintigraphy]] is considered a [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard test]] for the [[diagnosis]] of gastroparesis.<ref name="TangFriedenberg2011">{{cite journal|last1=Tang|first1=Derek M.|last2=Friedenberg|first2=Frank K.|title=Gastroparesis: Approach, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Management|journal=Disease-a-Month|volume=57|issue=2|year=2011|pages=74–101|issn=00115029|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2010.12.007}}</ref><ref name="KochCalles-Escandón2015">{{cite journal|last1=Koch|first1=Kenneth L.|last2=Calles-Escandón|first2=Jorge|title=Diabetic Gastroparesis|journal=Gastroenterology Clinics of North America|volume=44|issue=1|year=2015|pages=39–57|issn=08898553|doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2014.11.005}}</ref><ref name="pmid18028513">{{cite journal| author=Abell TL, Camilleri M, Donohoe K, Hasler WL, Lin HC, Maurer AH et al.| title=Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy: a joint report of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2008 | volume= 103 | issue= 3 | pages= 753-63 | pmid=18028513 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01636.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18028513  }}</ref><ref name="pmid19115465">{{cite journal| author=Waseem S, Moshiree B, Draganov PV| title=Gastroparesis: current diagnostic challenges and management considerations. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2009 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 25-37 | pmid=19115465 | doi= | pmc=2653292 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19115465  }}</ref>
* The method for this test is eating a low-fat, egg-white meal followed by repeated scan to measure the rate of [[gastric emptying]] at 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours.  
* The method for this test is eating a low-fat, egg-white meal followed by repeated [[Scan|scans]] to measure the rate of [[gastric emptying]] at 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours.  
* The delayed gastric emptying would be confirmed, if there is:
* The delayed gastric emptying would be confirmed, if there is:
** 90% gastric retention at 1 hour  
** 90% [[Stomach|gastric]] retention at 1 hour  
** 60% at 2 hours (greater accuracy for detecting accelerated gastric emptying)  
** 60% [[Stomach|gastric]] retention at 2 hours (greater accuracy for detecting accelerated [[Stomach|gastric]] emptying)  
** 10% at 4 hours (higher accuracy for detecting slow gastric emptying)  
** 10% [[Stomach|gastric]] retention at 4 hours (higher accuracy for detecting slow [[Stomach|gastric]] emptying)  
* Factors that might affect on the results of gastric emptying studies include:
* Factors that might affect on the results of [[Stomach|gastric]] emptying studies include:
** [[Medication|Medications]] that slow down the gastric emptying:
** [[Medication|Medications]] that [[Delayed gastric emptying|slow down the gastric emptying]]:
*** [[Anticholinergic|Anticholinergics]]  
*** [[Anticholinergic|Anticholinergics]]  
*** [[Tricyclic antidepressant|Tricyclic antidepressants]]  
*** [[Tricyclic antidepressant|Tricyclic antidepressants]]  
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** [[Tobacco smoking]]  
** [[Tobacco smoking]]  
** [[Hyperglycemia]]  
** [[Hyperglycemia]]  
* The advantages of gastric Emptying Scintigraphy include:
* The advantages of [[Stomach|gastric]] emptying [[scintigraphy]] include:
** Noninvasive  
** Noninvasive  
** Quantitative
** Quantitative
** High [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]]
** High [[Specificity (tests)|specificity]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:15, 20 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2], Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[3]

Overview

Gastric emptying scintigraphy is considered a gold standard test for the diagnosis of gastroparesis. Delayed gastric emptying is confirmed by 10% gastric retention at 4 hours. Factors that affect the results of this test include medications, tobacco smoking and hyperglycemia.

Other Imaging Findings

Gastric emptying scintigraphy

References

  1. Tang, Derek M.; Friedenberg, Frank K. (2011). "Gastroparesis: Approach, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Management". Disease-a-Month. 57 (2): 74–101. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2010.12.007. ISSN 0011-5029.
  2. Koch, Kenneth L.; Calles-Escandón, Jorge (2015). "Diabetic Gastroparesis". Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 44 (1): 39–57. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2014.11.005. ISSN 0889-8553.
  3. Abell TL, Camilleri M, Donohoe K, Hasler WL, Lin HC, Maurer AH; et al. (2008). "Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy: a joint report of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine". Am J Gastroenterol. 103 (3): 753–63. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01636.x. PMID 18028513.
  4. Waseem S, Moshiree B, Draganov PV (2009). "Gastroparesis: current diagnostic challenges and management considerations". World J Gastroenterol. 15 (1): 25–37. PMC 2653292. PMID 19115465.

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