Lobular carcinoma in situ: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
#REDIRECT [[Breast cancer]]
{{SI}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
 
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Faizan}}; {{Ammu}}
 
{{SK}} Lobular Carcinoma (in situ); LCIS
==Overview==
==Historical Perspective==
*Lobular carcinoma in situ was first discovered by F W Foote and F W Stewart, in 1941.
 
==Pathophysiology==
* Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a condition in which there is presence of unusual cells in the [[lobule]]s of the [[breast]].<ref name="urlLobular Carcinoma in situ (LCIS) - Breast Cancer - Stanford Cancer Center">{{cite web |url=http://cancer.stanford.edu/breastcancer/lcis.html |title=Lobular Carcinoma in situ (LCIS) - Breast Cancer - Stanford Cancer Center |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
*The loss of expression of [[e-cadherin]], the [[transmembrane]] [[protein]] mediating [[epithelial]] [[cell adhesion]] has been associated with the development of lobular carcinoma in situ.
*The loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16q has been associated with the development of lobular carcinoma in situ..
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, small cells with oval or round nuclei and small nucleoli detached from each other are [[mucin]]-containing signet-ring cells are characteristic findings of lobular carcinoma in situ
 
==Causes==
* Lobular carcinoma in situ is caused by a mutation in the [[e-cadherin]] gene.
==Differentiating Lobular carcinoma in situ from other Diseases==
*Lobular carcinoma in situ must be differentiated from other diseases that cause breast lesions, such as:
:*Ductal carcinoma insitu
:*Atypical lobular hyperplasia
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
* The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
* In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
===Age===
*Lobular carcinoma in situ is more commonly observed among patients aged premenopausal women with a mean age of 45 years old
 
==Risk Factors==
*Common risk factors in the development of lobular carcinoma in situ are family history of breast cancer, hormone replacement therapy for menopause, women in early 40’s.
 
== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
* LCIS is a high-risk marker for the future development of invasive carcinoma. A woman with LCIS has approximately a 15-30% chance of developing an infiltrating ductal or lobular carcinoma in the breast in which the LCIS is discovered or in the contralateral breast.
 
== Diagnosis ==
=== Symptoms ===
*Lobular carcinoma in situ  is usually asymptomatic.
=== Physical Examination ===
*Patients with lobular carcinoma in situ  usually appear normal.
=== Laboratory Findings ===
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with lobular carcinoma in situ.
===Imaging Findings===
*Mammography is the imaging modality of choice for lobular carcinoma in situ.
=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===
*Lobular carcinoma in situ may also be diagnosed using biopsy.
 
== Treatment ==
=== Medical Therapy ===
*There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
*The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
*[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
*Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
=== Surgery ===
*Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
*[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
*[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
=== Prevention ===
*There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
*Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
*Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Oncology]]

Latest revision as of 17:55, 12 March 2019

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