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To view the history and symptoms of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click [[Familial adenomatous polyposis history and symptoms|'''here''']]<br>
To view the history and symptoms of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click [[Familial adenomatous polyposis history and symptoms|'''here''']]<br>
To view the history and symptoms of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), click [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer history and symptoms|'''here''']]<br><br>
To view the history and symptoms of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), click [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer history and symptoms|'''here''']]<br><br>
{{CMG}} {{AE}} Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.; Elliot B. Tapper, M.D.
{{CMG}} {{AE}} Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.; Elliot B. Tapper, M.D. {{USAMA}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
The history of a patient with colorectal cancer may include a family history of polyps/colorectal cancer or a history of inflammatory bowel disease. Some symptoms that are associated with colorectal cancer are change in bowel habits, hematochezia, and rectal pain. Metastatic symptoms include dyspnea, abdominal pain, fractures, and confusion.
The history of a patient with colorectal cancer may include a family history of [[Polyp|polyps]]/[[colorectal cancer]] or a history of [[inflammatory bowel disease]]. Some symptoms that are associated with colorectal cancer are change in bowel habits, [[hematochezia]], and rectal pain. Metastatic symptoms include [[dyspnea]], [[abdominal pain]], [[fractures]], and [[confusion]].


==Colorectal Cancer History and Symptoms==
==Colorectal Cancer History and Symptoms==
 
Colon cancer often causes no symptoms until it has reached a relatively advanced stage.  When symptoms do occur, they depend on the site of the [[lesion]]. Generally speaking, the nearer the lesion is to the [[anus]], the more bowel symptoms there will be, such as:<ref>{{Cite journal
===History===
| author = [[Carmen Jochem]] & [[Michael Leitzmann]]
The following may be in the history for a patient with colorectal cancer:
| title = Obesity and Colorectal Cancer
*Past medical history of longstanding inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, another primary cancer, or renal transplantation
| journal = [[Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer]]
*Family history of polyps or colorectal cancer
| volume = 208
*Use of cigarettes and/or alcohol
| pages = 17–41
*Low fiber/high fat diet and/or red meat diet
| year = 2016
*Sedentary lifestyle
| month =
 
| doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-42542-9_2
===Symptoms===
| pmid = 27909900
Colon cancer often causes no symptoms until it has reached a relatively advanced stage.  When symptoms do occur, they depend on the site of the lesion. Generally speaking, the nearer the lesion is to the anus, the more bowel symptoms there will be, such as:
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Hind Mrabti]], [[Mounia Amziren]], [[Ibrahim ElGhissassi]], [[Youssef Bensouda]], [[Narjiss Berrada]], [[Halima Abahssain]], [[Saber Boutayeb]], [[Samira El Fakir]], [[Chakib Nejjari]], [[Abdellatif Benider]], [[Nawfel Mellas]], [[Omar El Mesbahi]], [[Maria Bennani]], [[Rachid Bekkali]], [[Ahmed Zidouh]] & [[Hassan Errihani]]
| title = Quality of life of early stage colorectal cancer patients in Morocco
| journal = [[BMC gastroenterology]]
| volume = 16
| issue = 1
| pages = 131
| year = 2016
| doi = 10.1186/s12876-016-0538-9
| pmid = 27733117
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Yasmine Samir Galal]], [[Tarek Tawfik Amin]], [[Abdulelah Khalid Alarfaj]], [[Abdulaziz Abdullah Almulhim]], [[Abdullah Abdulmohsen Aljughaiman]], [[Abdulrhaman Khaled Almulla]] & [[Rehab Ahmed Abdelhai]]
| title = Colon Cancer among Older Saudis: Awareness of Risk Factors and Early Signs, and Perceived Barriers to Screening
| journal = [[Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP]]
| volume = 17
| issue = 4
| pages = 1837–1846
| year = 2016
| month =
| pmid = 27221862
}}</ref>
*Change in bowel habits
*Change in bowel habits
:*Change in frequency ([[constipation]] and/or [[diarrhea]])
:*Change in frequency ([[constipation]] and/or [[diarrhea]])
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*[[Hematochezia]] or bleeding per rectum
*[[Hematochezia]] or bleeding per rectum
*[[Mucus]] in stools
*[[Mucus]] in stools
*Abdominal cramps discomfort  
*[[Abdominal cramps]] or discomfort  
*([[Melena]]) (more likely related to upper gastrointestinal disease)
*[[Melena]] (usually associated with upper gastrointestinal disease)
*[[Tenesmus]] (usually associated with rectal cancer)
*[[Tenesmus]] (usually associated with rectal cancer)
*Diminished caliber of stools (usually associated with rectal cancer)
*Diminished caliber of stools (usually associated with rectal cancer)
*Rectal pain (usually associated with rectal cancer)
*Rectal pain (usually associated with rectal cancer)
*Past medical history of longstanding [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[diabetes]], another primary cancer, or [[Kidney transplantation|renal transplantation]]
*Family history of [[polyps]] or colorectal cancer
*[[Smoking]] and/or [[alcohol]]
*Low fiber/high fat diet and/or red meat diet
*Sedentary lifestyle


===Constitutional symptoms===
===Constitutional symptoms===
*Nausea/vomiting
The constitutional symptoms of colorectal carcinoma include:<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Yasmine Samir Galal]], [[Tarek Tawfik Amin]], [[Abdulelah Khalid Alarfaj]], [[Abdulaziz Abdullah Almulhim]], [[Abdullah Abdulmohsen Aljughaiman]], [[Abdulrhaman Khaled Almulla]] & [[Rehab Ahmed Abdelhai]]
| title = Colon Cancer among Older Saudis: Awareness of Risk Factors and Early Signs, and Perceived Barriers to Screening
| journal = [[Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP]]
| volume = 17
| issue = 4
| pages = 1837–1846
| year = 2016
| month =
| pmid = 27221862
}}</ref>
*[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea/vomiting]]
*Unexplained [[weight loss]]
*Unexplained [[weight loss]]
*Unexplained loss of appetite
*Unexplained [[loss of appetite]]
*Weakness
*Weakness
*[[Fatigue]]
*[[Fatigue]]
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===Metastatic symptoms===
===Metastatic symptoms===
There may be symptoms attributed to distant [[metastasis]]:
There may be symptoms attributed to distant [[metastasis]]:<ref>{{Cite journal
*Lungs - dyspnea, cough with blood-stained sputum, persistent pain or discomfort in the chest
| author = [[Samir Pathak]], [[Sanjay Pandanaboyana]], [[Ian Daniels]], [[Neil Smart]] & [[K. R. Prasad]]
*Liver - abdominal pain, swelling in hands/feet, itchiness, jaundice, dark-colored urine
| title = Obesity and colorectal liver metastases: Mechanisms and management
*Bones - pain, fractures
| journal = [[Surgical oncology]]
*Brain/spinal cord - pain, confusion, memory loss, headache, blurred or double vision, difficulty with speech, difficulty with movement or seizures
| volume = 25
| issue = 3
| pages = 246–251
| year = 2016
| doi = 10.1016/j.suronc.2016.05.021
| pmid = 27566030
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Masato Watanabe]], [[Masanori Tada]], [[Takafumi Satomi]], [[Daichi Chikazu]], [[Masashi Mizumoto]] & [[Hideyuki Sakurai]]
| title = Metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma in the mandibular gingiva: a case report
| journal = [[World journal of surgical oncology]]
| volume = 14
| issue = 1
| pages = 199
| year = 2016
| doi = 10.1186/s12957-016-0958-6
| pmid = 27473859
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Vivek Subbiah]] & [[Howard Jack West]]
| title = Jaundice (Hyperbilirubinemia) in Cancer
| journal = [[JAMA oncology]]
| volume = 2
| issue = 8
| pages = 1103
| year = 2016
| doi = 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1236
| pmid = 27416009
}}</ref>
*Lungs  
**[[Dyspnea]]
**[[Cough]] with blood-stained [[sputum]]
**Persistent pain or discomfort in the chest
*Liver
**[[Abdominal]] pain
**[[Swelling of the ankles|Swelling of hands or feet]]
**[[Itching]]
**[[Jaundice]]
**Dark-colored urine
*Bones  
**Pain
**[[Fractures]]
*[[Brain]]/[[spinal cord]]
**Pain
**[[Confusion]]
**[[Memory loss]]
**[[Headache]]
**[[Blurred vision|Blurred]] or [[double vision]]
**Difficulty with speech
**Difficulty with movement
**[[Seizures]]
*Oral Cavity
**Gum pain
**Inability to open the mouth


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
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[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
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Latest revision as of 16:04, 18 December 2017

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To view the history and symptoms of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), click here
To view the history and symptoms of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saarah T. Alkhairy, M.D.; Elliot B. Tapper, M.D. Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]

Overview

The history of a patient with colorectal cancer may include a family history of polyps/colorectal cancer or a history of inflammatory bowel disease. Some symptoms that are associated with colorectal cancer are change in bowel habits, hematochezia, and rectal pain. Metastatic symptoms include dyspnea, abdominal pain, fractures, and confusion.

Colorectal Cancer History and Symptoms

Colon cancer often causes no symptoms until it has reached a relatively advanced stage. When symptoms do occur, they depend on the site of the lesion. Generally speaking, the nearer the lesion is to the anus, the more bowel symptoms there will be, such as:[1][2][3]

  • Change in bowel habits
  • Change in frequency (constipation and/or diarrhea)
  • Change in the quality of stools
  • Change in consistency of stools

Constitutional symptoms

The constitutional symptoms of colorectal carcinoma include:[4]

Metastatic symptoms

There may be symptoms attributed to distant metastasis:[5][6][7]

References

  1. ↑ Carmen Jochem & Michael Leitzmann (2016). "Obesity and Colorectal Cancer". Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer. 208: 17–41. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42542-9_2. PMID 27909900.
  2. ↑ Hind Mrabti, Mounia Amziren, Ibrahim ElGhissassi, Youssef Bensouda, Narjiss Berrada, Halima Abahssain, Saber Boutayeb, Samira El Fakir, Chakib Nejjari, Abdellatif Benider, Nawfel Mellas, Omar El Mesbahi, Maria Bennani, Rachid Bekkali, Ahmed Zidouh & Hassan Errihani (2016). "Quality of life of early stage colorectal cancer patients in Morocco". BMC gastroenterology. 16 (1): 131. doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0538-9. PMID 27733117.
  3. ↑ Yasmine Samir Galal, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Abdulelah Khalid Alarfaj, Abdulaziz Abdullah Almulhim, Abdullah Abdulmohsen Aljughaiman, Abdulrhaman Khaled Almulla & Rehab Ahmed Abdelhai (2016). "Colon Cancer among Older Saudis: Awareness of Risk Factors and Early Signs, and Perceived Barriers to Screening". Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP. 17 (4): 1837–1846. PMID 27221862.
  4. ↑ Yasmine Samir Galal, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Abdulelah Khalid Alarfaj, Abdulaziz Abdullah Almulhim, Abdullah Abdulmohsen Aljughaiman, Abdulrhaman Khaled Almulla & Rehab Ahmed Abdelhai (2016). "Colon Cancer among Older Saudis: Awareness of Risk Factors and Early Signs, and Perceived Barriers to Screening". Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP. 17 (4): 1837–1846. PMID 27221862.
  5. ↑ Samir Pathak, Sanjay Pandanaboyana, Ian Daniels, Neil Smart & K. R. Prasad (2016). "Obesity and colorectal liver metastases: Mechanisms and management". Surgical oncology. 25 (3): 246–251. doi:10.1016/j.suronc.2016.05.021. PMID 27566030.
  6. ↑ Masato Watanabe, Masanori Tada, Takafumi Satomi, Daichi Chikazu, Masashi Mizumoto & Hideyuki Sakurai (2016). "Metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma in the mandibular gingiva: a case report". World journal of surgical oncology. 14 (1): 199. doi:10.1186/s12957-016-0958-6. PMID 27473859.
  7. ↑ Vivek Subbiah & Howard Jack West (2016). "Jaundice (Hyperbilirubinemia) in Cancer". JAMA oncology. 2 (8): 1103. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1236. PMID 27416009.


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