Jaundice causes of jaundice: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}
#redirect[[Jaundice causes]]
{{Jaundice}}
 
==Overview==
When  [[red blood cell]]s die, the [[heme]] in their [[haemoglobin]] is converted to [[bilirubin]] in the [[spleen]] and in the hepatocytes in the liver. The [[bilirubin]] is processed by the [[liver]], enters [[bile]] and is eventually excreted through [[feces]].
 
Consequently, there are three different classes of causes for jaundice. ''Pre-hepatic'' or ''hemolytic'' causes, where too many red blood cells are broken down, ''hepatic'' causes where the processing of [[bilirubin]] in the liver does not function correctly, and ''post-hepatic'' or ''extrahepatic'' causes, where the removal of bile is disturbed.
===Common Causes===
*[[Hepatitis]]
*[[Neonatal jaundice|Neonatal physiological jaundice]]
*[[Gallstones]]
*[[Gilbert's syndrome]]
*[[Thalassemia]]
*[[Sickle-cell disease]]
*[[Hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Cirrhosis]]
*[[Cancer]]
 
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Eclampsia]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Infective endocarditis  ]], [[Lupus]], [[Trisomy 18]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[1,2-Dibromoethane  ]], [[2-acetylamino-fluorene  ]], [[2-Nitropropane  ]], [[3,3-Dichlorobenzidine  ]], [[4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene  ]], [[8-Hydroxyquinolone  ]], [[Acer rubrum]], [[Acetates  ]], [[Acetonitrile  ]], [[Acetylene Tetrabromide  ]], [[Acrylonitrile  ]], [[Aflatoxin  ]], [[Albitocin]], [[Alicyclic Hydrocarbons  ]], [[Aliphatic Amines  ]], [[Aliphatic Hydrocarbons  ]], [[Aliphatic hydrogenated hydrocarbons  ]], [[Allyl alcohol  ]], [[Amanita phalloides]], [[Aromatic amines  ]], [[Aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons  ]], [[Aromatic Hydrocarbons  ]], [[Arsenic  ]], [[Arsine  ]], [[Benzene  ]], [[Benzyl chloride  ]], [[Beryllium  ]], [[Biliary colic]], [[Bipyridyl pesticides  ]], [[Black nightshade poisoning  ]], [[Boron  ]], [[Cadmium  ]], [[Carbarsone  ]], [[Carbolic Acids and Anhydrides  ]], [[Carbon Disulfide  ]], [[Carbon Tetrachloride  ]], [[Chloramphenicol  ]], [[Chlorate salts  ]], [[Chlordane]], [[Chlorinated benzenes  ]], [[Chlorinated naphthalene  ]], [[Chlorodiphenyls and derivatives  ]], [[Chloroform]], [[Chloromethane  ]], [[Chloroprene  ]], [[Chromium  ]], [[Comfrey  ]], [[Copper  ]], [[Cresol  ]], [[Cycasin]], [[Cyclochlorotine  ]], [[Dibromochloropropane  ]], [[Diethylene Glycol  ]], [[Dimethyl sulfate  ]], [[Dimethylnitrosamine  ]], [[Dinitrobenzene  ]], [[Dinitrocresol  ]], [[Dinitrophenol  ]], [[Dinitrotoluene  ]], [[Ethanolamines  ]], [[Ethyl Acetate  ]], [[Ethyl alcohol  ]], [[Ethyl benzene  ]], [[Ethyl Ether  ]], [[Ethyl Salicylate  ]], [[Ethylene chlorohydrin  ]], [[Ethylene Dibromide  ]], [[Ethylene dichloride  ]], [[Ethylene oxide  ]], [[Ethylenediamine  ]], [[Germander  ]], [[Germanium  ]], [[Gold  ]], [[Hafnium  ]], [[Horse nettle ]], [[Hydrogen bromides  ]], [[Hydrogen Cyanide  ]], [[Icterogenin]], [[Indospicine]], [[Isopropyl acetate  ]], [[Kepone pesticides  ]], [[Lanthanides  ]], [[Lead  ]], [[Mercaptans  ]], [[Mercury  ]], [[Methoxyflurane  ]], [[Methyl acetate  ]], [[Methyl Bromide  ]], [[Methyl Chloride  ]], [[Methylene chloride  ]], [[Methylene Dianiline  ]], [[Metolachlor]], [[Monomethylhydrazine]], [[N,N-Dimethylformamide  ]], [[Naphthalene]], [[Naphthol  ]], [[N-butyl acetate  ]], [[Ngaione]], [[Nickel  ]], [[Niobium  ]], [[Nitriles  ]], [[Nitrobenzene  ]], [[Nitromethane  ]], [[Nitroparaffins  ]], [[N-N-Dimethylacetamide  ]], [[N-Nitrosodimethylamine  ]], [[N-propyl acetate  ]], [[Ochratoxin  ]], [[Para-Dichlorobenzene  ]], [[Phosphine  ]], [[Phosphorus]], [[Phthalic Anhydride  ]], [[Picric Acid  ]], [[Polybrominated biphenyls  ]], [[Polychlorinated biphenyls  ]], [[Polygonum multiflorum  ]], [[Propylene dichloride  ]], [[Psoralea Corylifolia  ]], [[Pyrogallol  ]], [[Pyrrolidizine]], [[Ragwort]], [[Rubratoxin  ]], [[Safrole]], [[Solanine]], [[Solder  ]], [[Sterigmatocystin  ]], [[Stibine  ]], [[Tellurium]], [[Tetrachloroethane]], [[Tetrachloroethylene  ]], [[Tetramethylthiuram disulfide  ]], [[Thallium]], [[Thioxanthene]], [[Thorium dioxide  ]], [[Thorotrast ]], [[Toluene  ]], [[Trichloroethylene  ]], [[Trinitrotoluene  ]], [[Uranium  ]], [[Vicia faba]], [[Vinyl Chloride  ]], [[White Phosphorus  ]], [[Xylene  ]] ,[[Favism]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Griscelli disease  ]], [[NISCH syndrome  ]], [[Hashimoto-Pritzker syndrome  ]], [[Kawasaki disease  ]], [[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome  ]], [[Lupus]], [[Hemochromatosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[5-Fluorocytosine  ]], [[Allopurinol  ]], [[Alprazolam]], [[Amineptine]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Amlodipine]], [[Amodiaquine  ]], [[Amphotericin  ]], [[Anabolic C-17  ]], [[Bicalutamide]], [[Bromazepam]], [[Buprenorphine]], [[Butyrophenones]], [[Cefaclor]], [[Cephalosporins]], [[Cimetidine  ]], [[Clarithromycin]], [[Clavulanic acid]], [[Clindamycin]], [[Co-amoxiclav]], [[Colchicine  ]], [[Cyclopropane  ]], [[Cycloserine  ]], [[Cytarabine  ]], [[Dantrolene  ]], [[Dapsone]], [[Daptomycin]], [[Deracoxib]], [[Diazepam]], [[Diflunisal  ]], [[Diphenoxylate and Atropine]], [[Disulfiram  ]], [[Docetaxel]], [[Doxepine]], [[Duloxetine]], [[Dydrogesterone]], [[Erythromycin estolate  ]], [[Erythromycin Ethyl succinate  ]], [[Estrogen and Progestin]], [[Ethionamide  ]], [[Fenoprofen  ]], [[Flucloxacillin]], [[Framycetin]], [[Fusidic acid]], [[Griseofulvin  ]], [[Halothane  ]], [[Hycanthone  ]], [[Ibuprofen  ]], [[Idoxuridine  ]], [[Imipramine]], [[Indomethacin  ]], [[Isoniazid  ]], [[Itraconazole]], [[Ketoconazole  ]], [[Loprazolam]], [[Lorazepam]], [[Lormetazepam]], [[Mepacrine  ]], [[Mephenytoin  ]], [[Methimazole]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Metronidazole  ]], [[Minocycline]], [[Mirtazapine]], [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]], [[Naproxen  ]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Nitrous Oxide  ]], [[Novobiocin  ]], [[Oxycodone]], [[p-aminosalicylic acid  ]], [[Papaverine]], [[Paroxetine]], [[Penicillin  ]], [[Phenol  ]], [[Phenothiazine]], [[Phenylbutazone  ]], [[Phenytoin  ]], [[Pyridine  ]], [[Quinidine-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia]], [[Quinolone  ]], [[Ranitidine  ]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Salicylate  ]], [[Sibutramine]], [[Spectinomycin  ]], [[Sulindac  ]], [[Sulphonamides]], [[Tamoxifen]], [[Tegaserod]], [[Telithromycin]], [[Tetracycline  ]], [[Thiabendazole  ]], [[Trazodone]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Vidarabine  ]], [[Zoxazolamine  ]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome  ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Gestational diabetes]], [[Growth hormone deficiency]], [[Hypopituitarism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Thyroid agenesis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Accessory pancreas]], [[Acinic cell carcinoma]], [[Acral dysostosis -- dyserythropoiesis ]], [[Acute Cholecystitis]], [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Acute hepatitis]], [[Acute liver failure]], [[Addison-Gull syndrome]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Alcoholic Hepatitis]], [[Alcoholic liver disease]], [[Hemangiosarcoma|Angiosarcoma of the liver  ]], [[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome  ]], [[Ascending cholangitis]], [[Autoimmune Hepatitis  ]], [[Baber's syndrome  ]], [[Banti's syndrome]], [[Bile duct cancer]], [[Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form  ]], [[Bile plug syndrome  ]], [[Biliary atresia]], [[Biliary cirrhosis  ]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[Byler Disease  ]], [[Caroli's Disease]], [[Chlorpropamide]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Cholangitis]], [[Choledochal cyst, hand malformation  ]], [[Choledochal cysts]], [[Choledocholithiasis]], [[Cholestasis  ]], [[Cholestasis -- pigmentary retinopathy -- cleft palate  ]], [[Chronic cholecystitis]], [[Chronic Hepatitis  ]], [[Cirrhosis of  liver  ]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]], [[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]], [[Esophageal cancer]], [[Gallbladder cancer]], [[Gallstones  ]], [[Gilbert's syndrome]], [[Hemosuccus pancreaticus]], [[Hepatic amyloidosis with intrahepatic cholestasis  ]], [[Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome  ]], [[Hepatoma  ]], [[Hyperemesis gravidarum]], [[Idiopathic liver cirrhosis  ]], [[Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma  ]], [[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy]], [[Islet Cell adenoma]], [[Liver cancer  ]], [[Mirizzi's syndrome]], [[Mosse syndrome  ]], [[Neonatal hepatitis  ]], [[Neuroma biliary tract  ]], [[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]], [[Obliterative portal venopathy  ]], [[Pancreatic adenoma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Pancreatitis]], [[Pancreatoblastoma]], [[Papillary stenosis]], [[Peliosis hepatis]], [[Portal hypertension]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], [[Sarcoma botryoides of common bile duct]], [[Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis]], [[Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis]], [[Xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis]], [[Zieve's syndrome]], [[NISCH syndrome  ]], [[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis ]], [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]], [[Familial Selective Vitamin B12 Malabsorption  ]], [[Hemochromatosis  ]], [[Imerslund-Najman-Grasbeck Syndrome  ]], [[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) ]], [[Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup syndrome]], [[HELLP syndrome  ]], [[Heptaosplenic T-cell Lymphoma  ]], [[Pernicious anemia]], [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ]], [[Viral Hepatitis A]], [[Viral Hepatitis B]], [[Viral Hepatitis C]], [[Viral Hepatitis D]], [[Viral Hepatitis E]], [[Viral hepatitis X (non-A,-B,-C,-D,-E)]], [[Reynolds syndrome]], [[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome  ]], [[Aagenaes syndrome ]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism  ]], [[Wilson's Disease]], [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome  ]], [[Weil's disease]], [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis  ]], [[Zellweger syndrome]], [[Trisomy 18]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Aagenaes syndrome ]], [[Aldolase A deficiency ]], [[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome  ]],  [[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis ]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome  ]], [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]], [[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]], [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis  ]],  [[Familial Selective Vitamin B12 Malabsorption  ]], [[Galactosemia  ]], [[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Glutaric aciduria  ]], [[Hemochromatosis  ]], [[Hereditary elliptocytosis  ]], [[Hereditary fructose intolerance]], [[Hereditary xerocytosis]], [[Imerslund-Najman-Grasbeck Syndrome  ]], [[Lucey-Driscoll syndrome]], [[Lymphoproliferative syndrome, EBV-Associated, Autosomal]], [[Niemann-Pick disease  ]], [[Porphyria]], [[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) ]], [[Pseudo-torch syndrome]], [[Rotor syndrome]], [[Sotos syndrome]], [[Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup syndrome]], [[Tyrosinemia]], [[Wilson's Disease]], [[Wolman disease]], [[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]], [[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[X-linked sideroblastic anaemia]], [[Zellweger syndrome]], [[Griscelli disease  ]], [[Hemoglobin C homozygous (CC)  ]], [[Hereditary spherocytosis]], [[Thalassemia]], [[Fructose intolerance]], [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ]], [[Acral dysostosis -- dyserythropoiesis ]], [[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]],  [[Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome  ]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Trisomy 18]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Achrestic anemia]], [[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]], [[Evans syndrome]], [[Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism  ]], [[Favism  ]], [[Hashimoto-Pritzker syndrome  ]], [[HELLP syndrome  ]], [[Hemoglobin C homozygous (CC)  ]], [[Hemolytic anemia]], [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis familial]] ,[[Hepatic veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency ]], [[Heptaosplenic T-cell Lymphoma  ]], [[Hereditary spherocytosis]], [[HLH (Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis)]], [[Hodgkin's Disease  ]], [[Kawasaki disease  ]], [[Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis  ]], [[Lymphoma  ]], [[Myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis  ]] ,[[Pernicious anemia]], [[Rh deficiency syndrome]], [[Thalassemia]], [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]], [[Acral dysostosis -- dyserythropoiesis ]], [[Mosse syndrome  ]], [[Zieve's syndrome]], [[Aagenaes syndrome ]], [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis  ]], [[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Sickle-cell disease]], [[Hereditary elliptocytosis  ]], [[Hereditary xerocytosis]], [[Porphyria]], [[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]], [[X-linked sideroblastic anaemia]], [[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]], [[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma  ]], [[Goldstein-Hutt syndrome  ]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Rh disease]], [[Kawasaki disease  ]], [[Sickle-cell disease]], [[Griscelli disease  ]], [[Lymphoproliferative syndrome, EBV-Associated, Autosomal]], [[Aldolase A deficiency ]], [[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]], [[Lupus]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Post operative jaundice]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alveolar Hydatid Disease .]], [[Aspergillosis]], [[Congenital TORCH infections]], [[Fascioliasis  ]], [[Infective endocarditis  ]], [[Malignant boutonneuse fever]], [[Nanukayami  ]], [[Neonatal sepsis  ]], [[Omphalitis]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Sepsis]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Q fever]], [[Relapsing fever]], [[Syphilis]], [[Weil's disease]], [[Histoplasmosis]], [[Malaria  ]], [[Cytomegalovirus]], [[Hepadnaviruses  ]], [[Herpes]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Lábrea fever]], [[Marburg virus]], [[Viral Hepatitis A]], [[Viral Hepatitis B]], [[Viral Hepatitis C]], [[Viral Hepatitis D]], [[Viral Hepatitis E]], [[Viral hepatitis X (non-A,-B,-C,-D,-E)]], [[Ascending cholangitis]], [[Lymphoproliferative syndrome, EBV-Associated, Autosomal]], [[Acute meningitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome  ]], [[Choledochal cyst, hand malformation  ]], [[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]], [[Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism  ]], [[Myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis  ]], [[Lupus]], [[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis  ]], [[Sotos syndrome]], [[Cholestasis -- pigmentary retinopathy -- cleft palate  ]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Hemochromatosis  ]], [[Aldolase A deficiency ]], [[Lupus]], [[Trisomy 18]], [[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome  ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Septo-optic dysplasia|Absence of septum pellucidum and septo-optic dysplasia ]], [[Acute meningitis]], [[Eclampsia]], [[Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome  ]], [[Pseudo-torch syndrome]], [[Sotos syndrome]], [[Wilson's Disease]], [[Zellweger syndrome]], [[Lissencephalic syndromes]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome  ]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome  ]], [[Trisomy 18]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Breast feeding jaundice]], [[Breast milk jaundice  ]], [[Congenital disorders of glycosylation]], [[Fructose intolerance]], [[Manganese deficiency]], [[Molybdenum deficiency]], [[Organic acidemia]], [[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]], [[Selenium deficiency]], [[Vitamin A overdose]], [[Vitamin B12 Deficiency]], [[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]], [[Gilbert's syndrome]], [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]], [[Galactosemia  ]], [[Glutaric aciduria  ]], [[Hereditary fructose intolerance]], [[Lucey-Driscoll syndrome]], [[Niemann-Pick disease  ]], [[Tyrosinemia]], [[Wolman disease]], [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Aldolase A deficiency ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[HELLP syndrome]], [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[Eclampsia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Breast cancer]], [[Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]], [[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma  ]], [[Acinic cell carcinoma]], [[Hemangiosarcoma|Angiosarcoma of the liver  ]], [[Bile duct cancer]], [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Colorectal cancer]], [[Esophageal cancer]], [[Gallbladder cancer]], [[Hepatoma  ]], [[Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma  ]], [[Islet Cell adenoma]], [[Liver cancer  ]], [[Neuroma biliary tract  ]], [[Pancreatic adenoma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Pancreatoblastoma]], [[Lymphoma  ]], [[Zellweger syndrome]], [[Mesothelioma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Goldstein-Hutt syndrome  ]], [[Cholestasis -- pigmentary retinopathy -- cleft palate  ]], [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome  ]], [[Septo-optic dysplasia|Absence of septum pellucidum and septo-optic dysplasia ]], [[Wilson's Disease]], [[Alagille syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acetaminophen]], [[Iron  ]], [[Vitamin C ]], [[Vitamin A]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Tuberculosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome  ]], [[Weil's disease]], [[Alagille syndrome]], [[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome  ]], [[Lupus]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Autoimmune Hepatitis  ]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], [[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]], [[Evans syndrome]], [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[Hepatic veno-occlusive disease|Hepatic veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency ]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Lupus]], [[Transfusion reaction]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]], [[Lupus]], [[Hemochromatosis  ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cephalhematoma]], [[Blunt trauma|Hepatic trauma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Loxoscelism|Brown Recluse spider bite ]], [[Adrenal hemorrhage|Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage]], [[Neonatal jaundice|Neonatal physiological jaundice]], [[Premature birth]], [[Reye's syndrome]]
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{MultiCol}}
*[[1,2-Dibromoethane  ]]
*[[2-acetylamino-fluorene  ]]
*[[2-Nitropropane  ]]
*[[3,3-Dichlorobenzidine  ]]
*[[4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene  ]]
*[[5-Fluorocytosine  ]]
*[[8-Hydroxyquinolone  ]]
*[[Aagenaes syndrome ]]
*[[Septo-optic dysplasia|Absence of septum pellucidum and septo-optic dysplasia ]]
*[[Accessory pancreas]]
*[[Acer rubrum]]
*[[Acetaminophen]]
*[[Acetates  ]]
*[[Acetonitrile  ]]
*[[Acetylene Tetrabromide  ]]
*[[Achrestic anemia]]
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]]
*[[Acral dysostosis -- dyserythropoiesis ]]
*[[Acrylonitrile  ]]
*[[Acute Cholecystitis]]
*[[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
*[[Acute hepatitis]]
*[[Acute liver failure]]
*[[Acute meningitis]]
*[[Addison-Gull syndrome]]
*[[Aflatoxin  ]]
*[[Alagille syndrome]]
*[[Albitocin]]
*[[Alcoholic Hepatitis]]
*[[Alcoholic liver disease]]
*[[Aldolase A deficiency ]]
*[[Alicyclic Hydrocarbons  ]]
*[[Aliphatic Amines  ]]
*[[Aliphatic Hydrocarbons  ]]
*[[Aliphatic hydrogenated hydrocarbons  ]]
*[[Allopurinol  ]]
*[[Allyl alcohol  ]]
*[[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency ]]
*[[Alprazolam]]
*[[Alveolar Hydatid Disease .]]
*[[Amanita phalloides]]
*[[Amineptine]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Amlodipine]]
*[[Amodiaquine  ]]
*[[Amphotericin  ]]
*[[Anabolic C-17  ]]
*[[Hemangiosarcoma|Angiosarcoma of the liver  ]]
*[[Aromatic amines  ]]
*[[Aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons  ]]
*[[Aromatic Hydrocarbons  ]]
*[[Arsenic  ]]
*[[Arsine  ]]
*[[Arthrogryposis|Arthrogryposis -- renal dysfunction -- cholestasis syndrome  ]]
*[[Ascending cholangitis]]
*[[Aspergillosis]]
*[[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Autoimmune Hepatitis  ]]
*[[Baber's syndrome  ]]
*[[Babesiosis  ]]
*[[Banti's syndrome]]
*[[Benign intrahepatic cholestasis ]]
*[[Benzene  ]]
*[[Benzyl chloride  ]]
*[[Beryllium  ]]
*[[Bicalutamide]]
*[[Bile duct cancer]]
*[[Bile duct paucity, non syndromic form  ]]
*[[Bile plug syndrome  ]]
*[[Biliary atresia]]
*[[Biliary cirrhosis  ]]
*[[Biliary colic]]
*[[Bipyridyl pesticides  ]]
*[[Black nightshade poisoning  ]]
*[[Boron  ]]
*[[Breast cancer]]
*[[Breast feeding jaundice]]
*[[Breast milk jaundice  ]]
*[[Bromazepam]]
*[[Loxoscelism|Brown Recluse spider bite ]]
*[[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
*[[Buprenorphine]]
*[[Butyrophenones]]
*[[Byler Disease  ]]
*[[Cadmium  ]]
*[[Carbarsone  ]]
*[[Carbolic Acids and Anhydrides  ]]
*[[Carbon Disulfide  ]]
*[[Carbon Tetrachloride  ]]
*[[Caroli's Disease]]
*[[Cefaclor]]
*[[Cephalhematoma]]
*[[Cephalosporins]]
*[[Chediak-Higashi syndrome  ]]
*[[Chloramphenicol  ]]
*[[Chlorate salts  ]]
*[[Chlordane]]
*[[Chlorinated benzenes  ]]
*[[Chlorinated naphthalene  ]]
*[[Chlorodiphenyls and derivatives  ]]
*[[Chloroform]]
*[[Chloromethane  ]]
*[[Chloroprene  ]]
*[[Chlorpropamide]]
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]
*[[Cholangitis]]
*[[Choledochal cyst, hand malformation  ]]
*[[Choledochal cysts]]
*[[Choledocholithiasis]]
*[[Cholestasis  ]]
*[[Cholestasis -- pigmentary retinopathy -- cleft palate  ]]
*[[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]]
*[[Chromium  ]]
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Chronic Hepatitis  ]]
*[[Cimetidine  ]]
*[[Cirrhosis of liver  ]]
*[[Clarithromycin]]
*[[Clavulanic acid]]
*[[Clindamycin]]
*[[Co-amoxiclav]]
*[[Colchicine  ]]
*[[Colorectal cancer]]
*[[Comfrey  ]]
*[[Congenital disorders of glycosylation]]
*[[Congenital TORCH infections]]
*[[Copper  ]]
*[[Cresol  ]]
*[[Crigler-Najjar syndrome]]
*[[Cycasin]]
*[[Cyclochlorotine  ]]
*[[Cyclopropane  ]]
*[[Cycloserine  ]]
*[[Cytarabine  ]]
*[[Cytomegalovirus]]
*[[Dantrolene  ]]
*[[Dapsone]]
*[[Daptomycin]]
*[[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome  ]]
*[[Deracoxib]]
*[[Diazepam]]
*[[Dibromochloropropane  ]]
*[[Diethylene Glycol  ]]
*[[Diflunisal  ]]
*[[Dimethyl sulfate  ]]
*[[Dimethylnitrosamine  ]]
*[[Dinitrobenzene  ]]
*[[Dinitrocresol  ]]
*[[Dinitrophenol  ]]
*[[Dinitrotoluene  ]]
*[[Diphenoxylate and Atropine]]
*[[Disulfiram  ]]
*[[Docetaxel]]
*[[Doxepine]]
*[[Dubin-Johnson syndrome]]
*[[Duloxetine]]
*[[Dydrogesterone]]
*[[Eclampsia  ]]
*[[Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma]]
*[[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]]
*[[Erythromycin estolate  ]]
*[[Erythromycin Ethyl succinate  ]]
*[[Esophageal cancer]]
*[[Estrogen and Progestin]]
*[[Ethanolamines  ]]
*[[Ethionamide  ]]
*[[Ethyl Acetate  ]]
*[[Ethyl alcohol  ]]
*[[Ethyl benzene  ]]
*[[Ethyl Ether  ]]
*[[Ethyl Salicylate  ]]
*[[Ethylene chlorohydrin  ]]
*[[Ethylene Dibromide  ]]
*[[Ethylene dichloride  ]]
*[[Ethylene oxide  ]]
*[[Ethylenediamine  ]]
*[[Evans syndrome]]
*[[Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency, Dyserythropoietic Anemia, And Calvarial Hyperostosis  ]]
*[[Familial progressive intrahepatic cholestasis  ]]
*[[Familial Selective Vitamin B12 Malabsorption  ]]
*[[Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism  ]]
*[[Fascioliasis  ]]
*[[Favism  ]]
*[[Fenoprofen  ]]
*[[Flucloxacillin]]
*[[Framycetin]]
*[[Fructose intolerance]]
*[[Fusidic acid]]
*[[Galactosemia  ]]
*[[Gallbladder cancer]]
*[[Gallstones  ]]
*[[Germander  ]]
*[[Germanium  ]]
*[[Gestational diabetes]]
*[[Gilbert's syndrome]]
*[[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Glutaric aciduria  ]]
*[[Gold  ]]
*[[Goldstein-Hutt syndrome  ]]
*[[Graft-versus-host disease  ]]
*[[Griscelli disease  ]]
*[[Griseofulvin  ]]
*[[Growth hormone deficiency]]
*[[Hafnium  ]]
*[[Halothane  ]]
*[[Hashimoto-Pritzker syndrome  ]]
*[[HELLP syndrome  ]]
*[[Hemochromatosis  ]]
*[[Hemoglobin C homozygous (CC)  ]]
*[[Hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]]
*[[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis familial]]
*[[Hemosuccus pancreaticus]]
*[[Hepadnaviruses  ]]
*[[Hepatic amyloidosis with intrahepatic cholestasis  ]]
*[[Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome  ]]
*[[Blunt trauma|Hepatic trauma]]
*[[Hepatic veno-occlusive disease|Hepatic veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency ]]
*[[Hepatoma  ]]
*[[Heptaosplenic T-cell Lymphoma  ]]
*[[Hereditary elliptocytosis  ]]
*[[Hereditary fructose intolerance]]
*[[Hereditary spherocytosis]]
*[[Hereditary xerocytosis]]
*[[Herpes]]
*[[Histoplasmosis]]
*[[HLH (Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis)]]
*[[Hodgkin's Disease  ]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Horse nettle ]]
*[[Hycanthone  ]]
*[[Hydrogen bromides  ]]
*[[Hydrogen Cyanide  ]]
*[[Hyperemesis gravidarum]]
*[[Hypopituitarism]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Ibuprofen  ]]
*[[Icterogenin]]
*[[Idiopathic liver cirrhosis  ]]
*[[Idoxuridine  ]]
*[[Imerslund-Najman-Grasbeck Syndrome  ]]
*[[Imipramine]]
*[[Indomethacin  ]]
*[[Indospicine]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Infective endocarditis  ]]
*[[Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma  ]]
*[[Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy]]
*[[Iron  ]]
*[[Islet Cell adenoma]]
*[[Isoniazid  ]]
*[[Isopropyl acetate  ]]
*[[Itraconazole]]
*[[Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma  ]]
*[[Kawasaki disease  ]]
*[[Kepone pesticides  ]]
*[[Ketoconazole  ]]
*[[Lábrea fever]]
*[[Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis  ]]
*[[Lanthanides  ]]
*[[Lead  ]]
*[[Lissencephalic syndromes]]
*[[Liver cancer  ]]
*[[Loprazolam]]
*[[Lorazepam]]
*[[Lormetazepam]]
*[[Lucey-Driscoll syndrome]]
*[[Lupus]]
*[[Lymphoma  ]]
*[[Lymphoproliferative syndrome, EBV-Associated, Autosomal]]
*[[Malaria  ]]
*[[Malignant boutonneuse fever]]
*[[Manganese deficiency]]
*[[Marburg virus]]
*[[Mepacrine  ]]
*[[Mephenytoin  ]]
*[[Mercaptans  ]]
*[[Mercury  ]]
*[[Mesothelioma]]
*[[Methimazole]]
*[[Methoxyflurane  ]]
*[[Methyl acetate  ]]
*[[Methyl Bromide  ]]
*[[Methyl Chloride  ]]
*[[Methyldopa]]
*[[Methylene chloride  ]]
*[[Methylene Dianiline  ]]
*[[Metolachlor]]
*[[Metronidazole  ]]
*[[Minocycline]]
*[[Mirizzi's syndrome]]
*[[Mirtazapine]]
*[[Molybdenum deficiency]]
*[[Monoamine oxidase inhibitors]]
*[[Monomethylhydrazine]]
*[[Mosse syndrome  ]]
*[[Myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis  ]]
*[[N,N-Dimethylformamide  ]]
*[[Nanukayami  ]]
*[[Naphthalene]]
*[[Naphthol  ]]
*[[Naproxen  ]]
*[[N-butyl acetate  ]]
*[[Adrenal hemorrhage|Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage]]
*[[Neonatal hepatitis  ]]
*[[Neonatal jaundice|Neonatal physiological jaundice]]
*[[Neonatal sepsis  ]]
*[[Neuroma biliary tract  ]]
*[[Ngaione]]
*[[Nickel  ]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease  ]]
*[[Niobium  ]]
*[[NISCH syndrome  ]]
*[[Nitriles  ]]
*[[Nitrobenzene  ]]
*[[Nitrofurantoin]]
*[[Nitromethane  ]]
*[[Nitroparaffins  ]]
*[[Nitrous Oxide  ]]
*[[N-N-Dimethylacetamide  ]]
*[[N-Nitrosodimethylamine  ]]
*[[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]]
*[[Novobiocin  ]]
*[[N-propyl acetate  ]]
*[[Obliterative portal venopathy  ]]
*[[Ochratoxin  ]]
*[[Omphalitis]]
*[[Organic acidemia]]
*[[Oxycodone]]
*[[p-aminosalicylic acid  ]]
*[[Pancreatic adenoma]]
*[[Pancreatic cancer]]
*[[Pancreatitis]]
*[[Pancreatoblastoma]]
*[[Papaverine]]
*[[Papillary stenosis]]
*[[Para-Dichlorobenzene  ]]
*[[Paroxetine]]
*[[Peliosis hepatis]]
*[[Penicillin  ]]
*[[Pernicious anemia]]
*[[Phenol  ]]
*[[Phenothiazine]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Phenylbutazone  ]]
*[[Phenytoin  ]]
*[[Phosphine  ]]
*[[Phosphorus]]
*[[Phthalic Anhydride  ]]
*[[Picric Acid  ]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Polybrominated biphenyls  ]]
*[[Polychlorinated biphenyls  ]]
*[[Polygonum multiflorum  ]]
*[[Porphyria]]
*[[Portal hypertension]]
*[[Postoperative Jaundice]]
*[[Premature birth]]
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]]
*[[Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) ]]
*[[Propylene dichloride  ]]
*[[Pseudo-torch syndrome]]
*[[Psoralea Corylifolia  ]]
*[[Pyridine  ]]
*[[Pyrogallol  ]]
*[[Pyrrolidizine]]
*[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]]
*[[Q fever]]
*[[Quinidine-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia]]
*[[Quinolone  ]]
*[[Ragwort]]
*[[Ranitidine  ]]
*[[Relapsing fever]]
*[[Reye's syndrome]]
*[[Reynolds syndrome]]
*[[Rh deficiency syndrome]]
*[[Rh disease]]
*[[Rifampicin]]
*[[Rotor syndrome]]
*[[Rubratoxin  ]]
*[[Safrole]]
*[[Salicylate  ]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Sarcoma botryoides of common bile duct]]
*[[Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis]]
*[[Selenium deficiency]]
*[[Sepsis]]
*[[Sibutramine]]
*[[Sickle-cell disease]]
*[[Solanine]]
*[[Solder  ]]
*[[Sotos syndrome]]
*[[Spectinomycin  ]]
*[[Sterigmatocystin  ]]
*[[Stibine  ]]
*[[Sulindac  ]]
*[[Sulphonamides]]
*[[Summerskill-Walshe-Tygstrup syndrome]]
*[[Syphilis]]
*[[Tamoxifen]]
*[[Tegaserod]]
*[[Telithromycin]]
*[[Tellurium]]
*[[Tetrachloroethane]]
*[[Tetrachloroethylene  ]]
*[[Tetracycline  ]]
*[[Tetramethylthiuram disulfide  ]]
*[[Thalassemia]]
*[[Thallium]]
*[[Thiabendazole  ]]
*[[Thioxanthene]]
*[[Thorium dioxide  ]]
*[[Thorotrast  ]]
*[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
*[[Thyroid agenesis]]
*[[Toluene  ]]
*[[Transfusion Reaction]]
*[[Trazodone]]
*[[Trichloroethylene  ]]
*[[Trinitrotoluene  ]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Tyrosinemia]]
*[[Uranium  ]]
*[[Valproic acid]]
*[[Vicia faba]]
*[[Vidarabine  ]]
*[[Vinyl Chloride  ]]
*[[Viral Hepatitis A]]
*[[Viral Hepatitis B]]
*[[Viral Hepatitis C]]
*[[Viral Hepatitis D]]
*[[Viral Hepatitis E]]
*[[Viral hepatitis X (non-A,-B,-C,-D,-E)]]
*[[Vitamin A overdose]]
*[[Vitamin B12 Deficiency]]
*[[Vitamin C ]]
*[[Weil's disease]]
*[[White Phosphorus  ]]
*[[Wilson's Disease]]
*[[Wolman disease]]
*[[Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis]]
*[[Xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis]]
*[[X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X)]]
*[[X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]]
*[[X-linked sideroblastic anaemia]]
*[[Xylene  ]]
*[[Yellow fever]]
*[[Zellweger syndrome]]
*[[Zieve's syndrome]]
*[[Zoxazolamine  ]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
 
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
 
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 21:06, 17 July 2012

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