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==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
*[[Genetics]] is the strongest identifiable factor associated with development of [[eczema]]. <ref name="pmid27212086">{{cite journal| author=Feld M, Garcia R, Buddenkotte J, Katayama S, Lewis K, Muirhead G | display-authors=etal| title=The pruritus- and TH2-associated cytokine IL-31 promotes growth of sensory nerves. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2016 | volume= 138 | issue= 2 | pages= 500-508.e24 | pmid=27212086 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27212086  }} </ref>
*<u>Hereditary factors</u>
*[[Risk factors]] of [[eczema]] include [[family history]] and ''[[FLG]]'' [[gene mutation]].  <ref name="pmid19203656">{{cite journal| author=Sicherer SH, Leung DY| title=Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2008. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2009 | volume= 123 | issue= 2 | pages= 319-27 | pmid=19203656 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.025 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19203656  }} </ref>
**[[Genetics]] is the strongest identifiable factor associated with development of [[eczema]]. <ref name="pmid27212086">{{cite journal| author=Feld M, Garcia R, Buddenkotte J, Katayama S, Lewis K, Muirhead G | display-authors=etal| title=The pruritus- and TH2-associated cytokine IL-31 promotes growth of sensory nerves. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2016 | volume= 138 | issue= 2 | pages= 500-508.e24 | pmid=27212086 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.020 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27212086  }} </ref>
*34 [[genetic loci]] have been identified based on [[genome-wide association studies]] that accounts for almost 20% of [[eczema]] [[inheritance]]. <ref name="pmid26482879">{{cite journal| author=Paternoster L, Standl M, Waage J, Baurecht H, Hotze M, Strachan DP | display-authors=etal| title=Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 21,000 cases and 95,000 controls identifies new risk loci for atopic dermatitis. | journal=Nat Genet | year= 2015 | volume= 47 | issue= 12 | pages= 1449-1456 | pmid=26482879 | doi=10.1038/ng.3424 | pmc=4753676 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26482879  }} </ref>
**[[Family history]] and ''[[FLG]]'' [[gene mutation]].  <ref name="pmid19203656">{{cite journal| author=Sicherer SH, Leung DY| title=Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2008. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2009 | volume= 123 | issue= 2 | pages= 319-27 | pmid=19203656 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.025 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19203656  }} </ref>
* The [[profilaggrin]] [[protein]] of the ''[[FLG]]'' [[gene]] maintains the intactness of the [[skin]]. <ref name="pmid19386895">{{cite journal| author=Sandilands A, Sutherland C, Irvine AD, McLean WH| title=Filaggrin in the frontline: role in skin barrier function and disease. | journal=J Cell Sci | year= 2009 | volume= 122 | issue= Pt 9 | pages= 1285-94 | pmid=19386895 | doi=10.1242/jcs.033969 | pmc=2721001 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19386895  }} </ref>
**34 [[genetic loci]] have been identified based on [[genome-wide association studies]] that accounts for almost 20% of [[eczema]] [[inheritance]]. <ref name="pmid26482879">{{cite journal| author=Paternoster L, Standl M, Waage J, Baurecht H, Hotze M, Strachan DP | display-authors=etal| title=Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 21,000 cases and 95,000 controls identifies new risk loci for atopic dermatitis. | journal=Nat Genet | year= 2015 | volume= 47 | issue= 12 | pages= 1449-1456 | pmid=26482879 | doi=10.1038/ng.3424 | pmc=4753676 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26482879  }} </ref>
*Peanut [[allergy]], [[herpes virus]], and [[contact dermatitis]] were found to be associated with ''[[FLG]]'' [[gene mutation]].<ref name="pmid25282559">{{cite journal| author=Leung DY, Guttman-Yassky E| title=Deciphering the complexities of atopic dermatitis: shifting paradigms in treatment approaches. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2014 | volume= 134 | issue= 4 | pages= 769-79 | pmid=25282559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.008 | pmc=4186710 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25282559  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid21991953">{{cite journal| author=Irvine AD, McLean WH, Leung DY| title=Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 365 | issue= 14 | pages= 1315-27 | pmid=21991953 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1011040 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21991953  }} </ref>
**The [[profilaggrin]] [[protein]] of the ''[[FLG]]'' [[gene]] maintains the intactness of the [[skin]]. <ref name="pmid19386895">{{cite journal| author=Sandilands A, Sutherland C, Irvine AD, McLean WH| title=Filaggrin in the frontline: role in skin barrier function and disease. | journal=J Cell Sci | year= 2009 | volume= 122 | issue= Pt 9 | pages= 1285-94 | pmid=19386895 | doi=10.1242/jcs.033969 | pmc=2721001 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19386895  }} </ref>
*[[Environmental Factors]]
**Peanut [[allergy]], [[herpes virus]], and [[contact dermatitis]] were found to be associated with ''[[FLG]]'' [[gene mutation]].<ref name="pmid25282559">{{cite journal| author=Leung DY, Guttman-Yassky E| title=Deciphering the complexities of atopic dermatitis: shifting paradigms in treatment approaches. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2014 | volume= 134 | issue= 4 | pages= 769-79 | pmid=25282559 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.008 | pmc=4186710 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25282559  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid21991953">{{cite journal| author=Irvine AD, McLean WH, Leung DY| title=Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 365 | issue= 14 | pages= 1315-27 | pmid=21991953 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1011040 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21991953  }} </ref>
*<u>Environmental factors</u>
** People living in places with low humidity, cold temperature, and low ultraviolet light exposure tend to have a higher [[risk]] of [[eczema]] development according to US ecological records. <ref name="pmid23334343">{{cite journal| author=Silverberg JI, Hanifin J, Simpson EL| title=Climatic factors are associated with childhood eczema prevalence in the United States. | journal=J Invest Dermatol | year= 2013 | volume= 133 | issue= 7 | pages= 1752-9 | pmid=23334343 | doi=10.1038/jid.2013.19 | pmc=3646081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23334343  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 18:41, 14 July 2022

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.

Overview

Risk factors of eczema include family history and FLG gene mutation.

Risk Factors

References

  1. Feld M, Garcia R, Buddenkotte J, Katayama S, Lewis K, Muirhead G; et al. (2016). "The pruritus- and TH2-associated cytokine IL-31 promotes growth of sensory nerves". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 138 (2): 500–508.e24. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.020. PMID 27212086.
  2. Sicherer SH, Leung DY (2009). "Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2008". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 123 (2): 319–27. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.025. PMID 19203656.
  3. Paternoster L, Standl M, Waage J, Baurecht H, Hotze M, Strachan DP; et al. (2015). "Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 21,000 cases and 95,000 controls identifies new risk loci for atopic dermatitis". Nat Genet. 47 (12): 1449–1456. doi:10.1038/ng.3424. PMC 4753676. PMID 26482879.
  4. Sandilands A, Sutherland C, Irvine AD, McLean WH (2009). "Filaggrin in the frontline: role in skin barrier function and disease". J Cell Sci. 122 (Pt 9): 1285–94. doi:10.1242/jcs.033969. PMC 2721001. PMID 19386895.
  5. Leung DY, Guttman-Yassky E (2014). "Deciphering the complexities of atopic dermatitis: shifting paradigms in treatment approaches". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 134 (4): 769–79. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.008. PMC 4186710. PMID 25282559.
  6. Irvine AD, McLean WH, Leung DY (2011). "Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases". N Engl J Med. 365 (14): 1315–27. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1011040. PMID 21991953.
  7. Silverberg JI, Hanifin J, Simpson EL (2013). "Climatic factors are associated with childhood eczema prevalence in the United States". J Invest Dermatol. 133 (7): 1752–9. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.19. PMC 3646081. PMID 23334343.