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| {| class="wikitable"
| | [[Syncope]] is classified into three types: |
| ! colspan="4" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF |Common causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia
| | * [[Cardiac]] |
| |-
| | * [[Neurogenic]] |
| | align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF |Neuromuscular disorders
| | * [[Vasovagal syncope|vasovagal]] |
| | align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF |Mechanical and obstructive causes
| |
| | align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF |Medication side effects
| |
| | align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF |Others
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| *[[Stroke]]
| |
| *[[Parkinson's disease]]
| |
| *[[Brain stem]] [[tumors]]
| |
| *[[Cranial nerve palsy]] or [[Bulbar palsy]]
| |
| *[[Multiple sclerosis]]
| |
| *[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]
| |
| *[[Myasthenia gravis]]
| |
| *[[Poliomyelitis]]
| |
| *[[Myotonic dystrophy]]
| |
| *[[Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy]]
| |
| *[[Polymyositis and dermatomyositis]]
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Zenker's diverticulum]]
| |
| * Cricopharyngeal bar
| |
| * [[Cervical]] [[Bone spur|osteophytes]]
| |
| * [[Thyromegaly]]
| |
| * [[Lymphadenopathy]]
| |
| *[[Tracheal rings|Cervical rings]] or cervical webs
| |
| * [[Strictures]]
| |
| * [[Oropharyngeal cancer|Oropharyngeal tumors]]
| |
| * [[Head and neck cancer|Head and neck tumors]]
| |
| *[[Surgical]] and/or radiotherapeutic interventions <br>on [[Head and neck cancer|head and neck tumors]]
| |
| * [[Retropharyngeal abscess]]
| |
| *[[Congenital Abnormalities|Congenital]] ([[cleft palate]], [[Diverticular|diverticula]], etc.)
| |
| |[[Medications]] that reduce [[Saliva|salivary]] flow:
| |
| | |
| *[[Anticholinergics]]
| |
| *[[ACE inhibitor|Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]]
| |
| *[[Alpha blockers]]
| |
| *[[Angiotensin II receptor blockers]]
| |
| *[[Antihistamines]]
| |
| *[[Antiarrhythmics]]
| |
| *[[Anticonvulsant|Antiepileptics]]
| |
| *[[Antipsychotics]]
| |
| *[[Mexiletine]] | |
| *[[Opiates]] | |
| *[[Diuretic|Diuretics]] | |
| *[[Ipratropium bromide]]
| |
| | |
| *
| |
| |
| |
| *[[Amyloidosis]]
| |
| *[[Cushing's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
| |
| *[[Wilson disease]]
| |
| *[[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjogren's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Pharyngitis]]
| |
| *[[Dental disease]]
| |
| *[[Mucositis]] ([[Oral candidiasis]],<br>[[herpes simplex|Herpetic lesions]], [[Cytomegalovirus]])
| |
| *Caustic [[ingestion]]/ injury
| |
| *[[Diphtheria]]
| |
| *[[Tetanus]]
| |
| *[[Botulism]]
| |
| *[[Lead poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Rabies]]
| |
| |}
| |