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{{Ovarian germ cell tumor}}
{{Ovarian germ cell tumor}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}} {{MD}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}} {{Sahar}} {{MD}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumor]] may be [[benign]] or [[malignant]]. Each category sub classified to different types based on [[histologic]] [[features]].
==Classification==
==Classification==
Cellular classification of ovarian germ cell tumors
[[Ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumor]] may be classified into two subtypes of [[benign]] and [[malignant]] [[tumors]]. [[Benign]] [[tumors]] are comprised of only [[teratoma]], however, the [[malignant]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] may be classified to different types according to the [[histologic]] [[Features (pattern recognition)|features]].
 
*Teratoma<ref name="pmid11259710">{{cite journal |vauthors=Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL |title=Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics |journal=Radiographics |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=475–90 |date=2001 |pmid=11259710 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475 |url=}}</ref>
The following histologic subtypes have been described.<ref name= xxx> Cellular Classification of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors. http://www.cancer.gov/types/ovarian/hp/ovarian-germ-cell-treatment-pdq#section/_. URL Accessed on November 4, 2015</ref>
**[[Mature cystic teratoma|Mature cystic teratomas]] ([[Dermoid cyst|dermoid cysts]])
* Dysgerminoma
**Immature [[teratoma]]
:* Other germ cell tumors:
**Monodermal [[teratoma]]
::* Endodermal sinus tumor (rare subtypes are hepatoid and intestinal)
***[[Struma ovarii]]
::* Embryonal carcinoma
***[[Carcinoid tumors]]
::* Polyembryoma
***[[Neural]] [[tumors]]
::* Choriocarcinoma
*Dysgerminoma
::* Teratoma:
*Yolk sac [[tumor]]
:::* Immature
*Mixed [[germ cell]] [[tumors]]
:::* Mature:
*Pure embryonal carcinoma
::::* Solid
*Non-[[Gestation period|gestational]] [[choriocarcinoma]]
::::* Cystic:
*Pure embryoma
:::::* Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma)
=== WHO Classification of Ovarian Tumors ===
:::::* Dermoid cyst with malignant transformation
'''WHO''' classifies [[ovarian]] [[germ cell]] [[tumors]] as follows:<ref name="pmid26894303">{{cite journal |vauthors=Meinhold-Heerlein I, Fotopoulou C, Harter P, Kurzeder C, Mustea A, Wimberger P, Hauptmann S, Sehouli J |title=The new WHO classification of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer and its clinical implications |journal=Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. |volume=293 |issue=4 |pages=695–700 |date=April 2016 |pmid=26894303 |doi=10.1007/s00404-016-4035-8 |url=}}</ref>
::* Monodermal and highly specialized:
* Teratoma
:::* Struma ovarii
** Immature
:::* Carcinoid
** [[Mature cystic teratoma|Mature]]
:::* Others (e.g., malignant neuroectodermal and ependymoma)
** [[Solid]]
::* Mixed forms
** [[Cystic]] ([[dermoid cyst]])
 
* [[Dysgerminoma]]
 
* Endometrial Sinus tumors
 
* [[Embryonal carcinoma]]
Germ cell tumours start in the cells that make the eggs (called germ cells) in the ovary.
* [[Polyembryoma]]
These tumours account for 2%–3% of all ovarian cancers. They usually develop in young women in their teens and 20s.
* [[Choriocarcinoma]]
 
* Mixed [[germ cell]] [[tumors]]
* Dysgerminoma is rare, but it is the most common malignant ovarian germ cell tumour. They are low-grade tumours (the cancer cells look and act like normal cells and the tumours grow and spread slowly). They may occur in both ovaries.
 
* Yolk sac tumours (endodermal sinus tumours) are the second most common ovarian germ cell tumour. They are high-grade tumours (the cancer cells don’t look and act like normal cells and the tumours grow and spread quickly). They develop in one ovary and are usually large.
 
* Embryonal carcinoma is rarely seen in the ovary (it occurs more often in the testicle). It is usually seen as part of a mixed germ cell tumour.
 
* Polyembryoma is a very rare tumour that is often found as part of a mixed germ cell tumour.
 
* Choriocarcinoma of the ovary is rare. It is most often found as part of a mixed germ cell tumour.
 
* Mixed germ cell tumours contain 2 or more different types of germ cell tumour cells. The most common combination is dysgerminoma and yolk sac tumour cells. These tumours are much less common in the ovary than in the testicle. They account for about 8% of ovarian germ cell tumours.
 
* Immature teratomas are made up of cancer cells that look like cells from a developing embryo. They are uncommon, accounting for about 3% of all teratomas (mature teratomas are benign). Immature teratomas are most often found in girls under the age of 18.
 
* Small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a very rare, high-grade tumour that is associated with hypercalcemia (higher than normal amounts of calcium in the blood).
 
 
 


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 13:47, 22 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [3]

Overview

Ovarian germ cell tumor may be benign or malignant. Each category sub classified to different types based on histologic features.

Classification

Ovarian germ cell tumor may be classified into two subtypes of benign and malignant tumors. Benign tumors are comprised of only teratoma, however, the malignant germ cell tumors may be classified to different types according to the histologic features.

WHO Classification of Ovarian Tumors

WHO classifies ovarian germ cell tumors as follows:[2]

References

  1. ↑ Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL (2001). "Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics". Radiographics. 21 (2): 475–90. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. PMID 11259710.
  2. ↑ Meinhold-Heerlein I, Fotopoulou C, Harter P, Kurzeder C, Mustea A, Wimberger P, Hauptmann S, Sehouli J (April 2016). "The new WHO classification of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer and its clinical implications". Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 293 (4): 695–700. doi:10.1007/s00404-016-4035-8. PMID 26894303.

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