Germinoma physical examination: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Mahshid)
 
Line 55: Line 55:
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurosurgery]]

Latest revision as of 23:35, 26 November 2017

Germinoma Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Differentiating Germinoma from other Diseases

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Germinoma physical examination On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Germinoma physical examination

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA onGerminoma physical examination

CDC on Germinoma physical examination

Germinoma physical examination in the news

on Germinoma physical examination

Directions to Hospitals Treating Germinoma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Germinoma physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common physical examination findings of germinoma include paralysis of upward gaze, pupils nonreactive to light perception and accommodation or pupils which react better to accommodation than light, nystagmus, failure of convergence, lid retraction, papilledema, ataxia, and neurologic examination may be abnormal depending on the location of the tumor.

Physical Examination

The clinical evaluation for germ cell tumors should include the following:[1]

  • General physical examination
  • Check of growth parameters
  • Careful neurological evaluation
  • Assessment of primary and secondary sexual characteristics
  • Ophthalmological exam

Radiographic characteristics of CNS germ cell tumors GCTs cannot reliably differentiate germinomas from nongerminomatous germ cell tumors NGGCTs. The diagnosis of GCTs is based on the following:

HEENT

  • Paralysis of upward gaze
  • Pupils nonreactive to light perception and accommodation or pupils which react better to accommodation than light
  • Nystagmus
  • Failure of convergence
  • Lid retraction
  • Visual-field examinations
  • Papilledema
  • A baseline neuropsychological examination is also performed

Neuromuscular

  • Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time: However, altered mental status may be present if there is increased intracranial pressure
  • Clonus may be present
  • Hyperreflexia / hyporeflexia / areflexia
  • Positive Babinski / plantar reflex unilaterally/bilaterally
  • Proximal/distal muscle weakness unilaterally/bilaterally
  • Paralysis of upward gaze, failure of convergence, and pupils nonreactive to light perception and accommodation suggestive of cranial nerve II and III deficit
  • Unilateral/bilateral upper/lower extremity weakness
  • Unilateral/bilateral sensory loss in the upper/lower extremity
  • Ataxia
  • Normal finger-to-nose test / Dysmetria
  • Dysdiadochokinesia

References

  1. Germ cell tumors. National Cancer Institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-cns-germ-cell-treatment-pdq#link/_60_toc Accessed on February 16, 2016


Template:WikiDoc Sources