Sandbox AG: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
(Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Encephalitis}} {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AG}} ==Overview== ==Epidemiology and Demographics== ===Prevalence=== The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately...")
 
mNo edit summary
 
(32 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
<div style="text-align:center; background-color:#dee6e8; border-top-right-radius:10px; border-top-left-radius:10px; padding-right:5px; padding-left:5px;"><font size="+1">'''PCSK-9 News'''</font>
{{Encephalitis}}
<hr style="margin:0px;">
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AG}}
</div>
<div style="height:210px; background-color:#dee6e8; padding-left:30px; box-sizing:border-box; overflow:auto;">
<rss number=5 desc=off title=off time=604800>http://news.google.com/?output=rss&q=pcsk9</rss>
</div>
<div style="text-align:center; background-color:#dee6e8; padding-right:5px; padding-left:5px;"><font size="+1">'''LDL News'''</font>
<hr style="margin:0px;">
</div>
<div style="height:210px; background-color:#dee6e8; padding-left:30px; box-sizing:border-box; overflow:auto; border-bottom-right-radius:10px; border-bottom-left-radius:10px;">
<rss number=5 desc=off title=off time=604800>http://news.google.com/?output=rss&q=LDL%20Cholesterol</rss>
</div>
</div>
 


==Overview==
==Overview==
==Historical Perspective==
==Classification==
==Pathophysiology==
==Causes==
==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases==


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Prevalence===
The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.


===Incidence===
==Risk Factors==
The incidence of viral encephalitis is approximately 3.5-7.4 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid17676528">{{cite journal| author=Granerod J, Crowcroft NS| title=The epidemiology of acute encephalitis. | journal=Neuropsychol Rehabil | year= 2007 | volume= 17 | issue= 4-5 | pages= 406-28 | pmid=17676528 | doi=10.1080/09602010600989620 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17676528  }} </ref>
 
==Screening==
 
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
 
===Complications===
 
===Prognosis===
 
==Diagnosis==
===Diagnostic Criteria===
 
===History and Symptoms===
 
===Physical Examination===
 
===Laboratory Findings===
 
===Imaging Findings===
 
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
 
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
 
===Surgery===
 
===Prevention===
 
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
 
{{WS}}
{{WH}}
 
=Encephalitis Table=


===Age===
Reference list includes:<ref name="pmid21932127">{{cite journal| author=Eckstein C, Saidha S, Levy M| title=A differential diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: beyond multiple sclerosis. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2012 | volume= 259 | issue= 5 | pages= 801-16 | pmid=21932127 | doi=10.1007/s00415-011-6240-5 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21932127  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11260760">{{cite journal| author=De Kruijk JR, Twijnstra A, Leffers P| title=Diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury. | journal=Brain Inj | year= 2001 | volume= 15 | issue= 2 | pages= 99-106 | pmid=11260760 | doi=10.1080/026990501458335 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11260760 }} </ref>
Patients of all age groups may develop encephalitis. Incidence is higher in pediatric populations.<ref name="pmid17676528">{{cite journal| author=Granerod J, Crowcroft NS| title=The epidemiology of acute encephalitis. | journal=Neuropsychol Rehabil | year= 2007 | volume= 17 | issue= 4-5 | pages= 406-28 | pmid=17676528 | doi=10.1080/09602010600989620 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17676528 }} </ref>


===Gender===
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
Males are more commonly affected with encephalitis than females, though both genders are susceptible to the disease.<ref name="pmid17676528">{{cite journal| author=Granerod J, Crowcroft NS| title=The epidemiology of acute encephalitis. | journal=Neuropsychol Rehabil | year= 2007 | volume= 17 | issue= 4-5 | pages= 406-28 | pmid=17676528 | doi=10.1080/09602010600989620 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17676528  }} </ref>
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 50px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Similarities}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 150px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Differentials}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Meningitis]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Classic triad of [[fever]], [[nuchal rigidity]], and [[altered mental status]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Photophobia]], [[phonophobia]], [[rash]] associated with [[meningococcemia]], concomitant [[sinusitis]] or [[otitis]], swelling of the [[fontanelle]] in infants (0-6 months)
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Brain abscess]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Fever]], [[headache]], [[hemiparesis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varies depending on the location of the abscess; clinically, [[visual disturbance]] including [[papilledema]], decreased [[sensation]]; on imaging, a [[lesion]] demonstrates both ring enhancement and central restricted diffusion
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Demyelinating disease]]s'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Ataxia]], [[lethargy]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Multiple sclerosis]]: clinically, [[nystagmus]], [[internuclear ophthalmoplegia]], [[Lhermitte's sign]]; on imaging, well-demarcated ovoid lesions with possible T1 hypointensities (“black holes”)
[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]]: clinically, [[somnolence]], [[myoclonic]] movements, and [[hemiparesis]]; on imaging, diffuse or multi-lesion enhancement, with indistinct lesion borders
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Substance abuse]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Tremor]], [[headache]], [[altered mental status]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varies depending on type of substance: prior history, drug-seeking behavior, attention-seeking behavior, [[paranoia]], sudden [[panic]], [[anxiety]], [[hallucination]]s
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Electrolyte disturbance]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Fatigue]], [[headache]], [[nausea]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varies depending on deficient ions; clinically, [[edema]], [[constipation]], [[hallucination]]s; on [[EKG]], abnormalities in [[T wave]], [[P wave]], [[QRS complex]]; possible presentations include [[arrhythmia]], [[dehydration]], [[renal failure]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Stroke]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Ataxia]], [[aphasia]], [[dizziness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Varies depending on classification of stroke; presents with positional [[vertigo]], high [[blood pressure]], [[extremities|extremity]] weakness
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Intracranial hemorrhage]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Headache]], [[coma]], [[dizziness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Lobar [[hemorrhage]], [[numbness]], [[tingling]], [[hypertension]], [[hemorrhagic diathesis]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Trauma]]'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Headache]], [[altered mental status]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Amnesia]], [[loss of consciousness]], [[dizziness]], [[concussion]], [[contusion]]
|-
|}


===Race===
==Treatment==
There is no racial predilection to the development of encephalitis.<ref name="pmid17676528">{{cite journal| author=Granerod J, Crowcroft NS| title=The epidemiology of acute encephalitis. | journal=Neuropsychol Rehabil | year= 2007 | volume= 17 | issue= 4-5 | pages= 406-28 | pmid=17676528 | doi=10.1080/09602010600989620 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17676528  }} </ref> However, Native Americans are predisposed to the development of [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]], which increases the risk of developing encephalitis.<ref name="pmid19346384">{{cite journal| author=Holman RC, McQuiston JH, Haberling DL, Cheek JE| title=Increasing incidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever among the American Indian population in the United States. | journal=Am J Trop Med Hyg | year= 2009 | volume= 80 | issue= 4 | pages= 601-5 | pmid=19346384 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19346384  }} </ref>
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of <nowiki>[[disease name]]</nowiki> according the the [...] guidelines.
{{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | A01 |A01= Do I know how this works?}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
{{familytree | | | B01 | | | | | | | | B02 | | |B01=Yes, I'm an Honors Student |B02=No shot, this is wicked hard. }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | | | C01 | | | | | | | | |!| |C01= Are you smart enough to split it off?}}
{{familytree | |,|-|^|.| | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | | | | | D03 |D01= Yes, I'm an Honors Student |D02= No, I guess I'm a pleb. |D03= Well wait, maybe some practice will help}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | | |,|-|^|.| }}
{{familytree | E01 | | |!| | | E02 | | E03 |E01= Good job. Way to live up to the hype. |E02= Yes! Practice Always Helps! |E03= Have you not seen this?}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | | |!| | | |!| }}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | F01 |'| | F02 |F01= You can learn anything in an hour! |F02= Go home and go to sleep. }}
{{familytree | |!| | | |`|-|-|-|!|-|.| | |!| }}
{{familytree | |`|-|-| G01 |-|-|'| |`|-| G02 | |G01= HONORS STUDENTS ARE NUMBER #1! |G02=RIP My GPA. }}
{{familytree/end}}


===Developed Countries===


===Developing Countries===


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 20:20, 8 August 2016

PCSK-9 News

<rss number=5 desc=off title=off time=604800>http://news.google.com/?output=rss&q=pcsk9</rss>

LDL News

<rss number=5 desc=off title=off time=604800>http://news.google.com/?output=rss&q=LDL%20Cholesterol</rss>


Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Sandbox AG from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

Complications

Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

Template:WS Template:WH

Encephalitis Table

Reference list includes:[1][2]

Disease Similarities Differentials
Meningitis Classic triad of fever, nuchal rigidity, and altered mental status Photophobia, phonophobia, rash associated with meningococcemia, concomitant sinusitis or otitis, swelling of the fontanelle in infants (0-6 months)
Brain abscess Fever, headache, hemiparesis Varies depending on the location of the abscess; clinically, visual disturbance including papilledema, decreased sensation; on imaging, a lesion demonstrates both ring enhancement and central restricted diffusion
Demyelinating diseases Ataxia, lethargy Multiple sclerosis: clinically, nystagmus, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, Lhermitte's sign; on imaging, well-demarcated ovoid lesions with possible T1 hypointensities (“black holes”)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: clinically, somnolence, myoclonic movements, and hemiparesis; on imaging, diffuse or multi-lesion enhancement, with indistinct lesion borders

Substance abuse Tremor, headache, altered mental status Varies depending on type of substance: prior history, drug-seeking behavior, attention-seeking behavior, paranoia, sudden panic, anxiety, hallucinations
Electrolyte disturbance Fatigue, headache, nausea Varies depending on deficient ions; clinically, edema, constipation, hallucinations; on EKG, abnormalities in T wave, P wave, QRS complex; possible presentations include arrhythmia, dehydration, renal failure
Stroke Ataxia, aphasia, dizziness Varies depending on classification of stroke; presents with positional vertigo, high blood pressure, extremity weakness
Intracranial hemorrhage Headache, coma, dizziness Lobar hemorrhage, numbness, tingling, hypertension, hemorrhagic diathesis
Trauma Headache, altered mental status Amnesia, loss of consciousness, dizziness, concussion, contusion

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Do I know how this works?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yes, I'm an Honors Student
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
No shot, this is wicked hard.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Are you smart enough to split it off?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yes, I'm an Honors Student
 
No, I guess I'm a pleb.
 
 
 
 
 
Well wait, maybe some practice will help
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Good job. Way to live up to the hype.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yes! Practice Always Helps!
 
Have you not seen this?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
You can learn anything in an hour!
 
 
 
Go home and go to sleep.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HONORS STUDENTS ARE NUMBER #1!
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RIP My GPA.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


References

  1. ↑ Eckstein C, Saidha S, Levy M (2012). "A differential diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: beyond multiple sclerosis". J Neurol. 259 (5): 801–16. doi:10.1007/s00415-011-6240-5. PMID 21932127.
  2. ↑ De Kruijk JR, Twijnstra A, Leffers P (2001). "Diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury". Brain Inj. 15 (2): 99–106. doi:10.1080/026990501458335. PMID 11260760.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox_AG&oldid=1248559"