Benazepril detailed information
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| Benazepril detailed information
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 2-[(4S)-4-[[(1S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenyl-propyl]amino]- 3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-7,9,11-trien-2-yl]acetic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | C09 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C24H28N2O5 |
| Mol. mass | 424.49 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Protein binding | 96.7% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic glucuronidation |
| Half life | 10-11 hours |
| Excretion | Renal and biliary |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
D |
| Legal status |
℞ Prescription only |
| Routes | Oral |
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Overview
Benazepril, brand name Lotensin®, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. Upon cleavage of its ester group by the liver, benazepril is converted into its active form benazeprilat, a non-sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
Dosage forms
Oral tablets, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg.
Benazepril is also available in combination with hydrochlorothiazide, under the trade name Lotensin® HCT, and with amlodipine (trade name Lotrel®).
Side effects
Most commonly, headache and cough. Anaphylaxis and angioedema can occur. Hyperkalemia, or an elevation of potassium levels, can also occur.
Benazepril may cause harm to the fetus during pregnancy.
Contraindications
Benazepril should be discontinued during pregnancy.
Kidney disease
According to a 2006 article in the New England Journal of Medicine, patients with advanced renal insufficiency taking benazepril showed "substantial" kidney benefits.[1]
A long term study of patients' kidney disease revealed that patients who took benazepril had better kidney function and a slower progression of kidney disease. Kidney function was much better in the group of patients taking the drug than their peers who took a placebo drug.[2] This is notable because this category of pharmaceuticals have long been thought to cause further kidney damage or increase the rate of progression for kidney disease.
According to coverage of the study on WebMD:
ACE inhibitors can pose a potential threat to kidneys as well. The key question was whether damaged kidneys would worsen if patients took ACE inhibitors. In a nutshell, concerns centered on blood levels of potassium and creatinine, waste products that are excreted by the kidneys. Testing creatinine levels in the blood is used as a way to monitor kidney function (...) kidney problems worsened more slowly in those taking Lotensin. Overall, there were no major differences in side effects between patients taking Lotensin or the placebo.[2]}}
This study marks the first indication that benazepril, and perhaps other ACE inhibitors, may actually be beneficial in the treatment of hypertension in patients with kidney disease.
Veterinary use
Under the brand name Fortekor (Novartis), benazepril hydrochloride is used to treat congestive heart failure in dogs and chronic renal failure in cats.
References
- ↑ Hou F, Zhang X, Zhang G, Xie D, Chen P, Zhang W, Jiang J, Liang M, Wang G, Liu Z, Geng R (2006). "Efficacy and safety of benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency". N Engl J Med 354 (2): 131-40. PMID 16407508.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hitti, Miranda; Chang, Louise (January 11, 2006). Drug May Treat Advanced Kidney Disease. WebMD.
Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (C09) | |
|---|---|
| ACE inhibitors | Benazepril • Captopril • Delapril • Enalapril • Fosinopril • Imidapril • Lisinopril • Moexipril • Perindopril • Quinapril • Ramipril • Spirapril • Temocapril • Trandolapril • Zofenopril |
| Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIRA) | Candesartan • Eprosartan • Irbesartan • Losartan • Olmesartan • Tasosartan • Telmisartan • Valsartan |
| Renin inhibitors | Aliskiren • Remikiren |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
