Whipworm infection natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

In most cases, whipworm infection causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, and anemia. If left untreated, severe infection can result in Trichuris dysentery syndrome. Complications of heavy whipworm infection include chronic dysentry, rectal prolapse, and growth retardation. Prognosis is excellent with antihelminthic treatment and complete recovery occurs in 1 to 2 weeks.

Natural History, Prognosis and Complications

Natural History

In most cases, whipworm infection causes no clinical symptoms, but a severe infection can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, and anemia.[1] If left untreated, severe infection can result in Trichuris dysentery syndrome, which presents with features of chronic dysentery, rectal prolapse, anemia, poor growth, and clubbing of the finger nails.[2][3]

Complications

In patients with heavy infection, the following complications may develop:[2][4]

Prognosis

The prognosis of trichuriasis is excellent with anti-helminthic treatment. All the patients recover completely with treatment.

References

  1. Tokmak N, Koc Z, Ulusan S, Koltas IS, Bal N (2006). "Computed tomographic findings of trichuriasis". World J Gastroenterol. 12 (26): 4270–2. PMC 4087392. PMID 16830393.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Stephenson, L.S.; Holland, C.V.; Cooper, E.S. (2001). "The public health significance of Trichuris trichiura". Parasitology. 121 (S1): S73. doi:10.1017/S0031182000006867. ISSN 0031-1820.
  3. Elsayed S, Yilmaz A, Hershfield N (2004). "Trichuris trichiura worm infection". Gastrointest Endosc. 60 (6): 990–1. PMID 15605023.
  4. Kim JB, Seo KI, Moon W (2017). "Trichuris trichiura Infection in North Korean Defector Resulted in Chronic Abdominal Pain and Growth Retardation". Korean J Gastroenterol. 69 (4): 243–247. doi:10.4166/kjg.2017.69.4.243. PMID 28449427.

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