Tick-borne encephalitis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.

Overview

There are three distinct subtypes associated with the tick-borne encephalitis virus. They include a Siberian, a Far Eastern, and a European subtype. Each subtype infection will display with different clinical manifestations. Identifying the subtype responsible for infection may assist in predicting the overall severity of the disease. Siberian may persist as a chronic illness, with a majority of cases resulting in meningeal forms. Far eastern, however, is more common in encephalitic forms and European is commonly biphasic.

Classification

• TBE virus has three subtypes:

1. Siberian subtype (Tick vector: unknown)
2. Far Eastern subtype (Tick vector: Ixodes persulcatus)
3. European subtype (Tick vector: Ixodes ricinus)

• Subtypes may be useful in predicting the severity of infection.
• The following expresses the three major and most common subtypes responsible for human infection, as well as the associated symptoms.

Subtype	Clinical manifestations
Siberian	May persist as a chronic disease. Less focal encephalitic forms Majority of cases present in meningeal forms May present itself as biphasic.
Far Eastern	Commonly present in focal encephalitic forms. Less meningeal forms Rarely in biphasic form
European	Commonly a biphasic illness. Clinical characteristic features of the second stage include meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, and meningoencephaloradiculitis.