Succinic acid

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Chembox new

WikiDoc Resources for Succinic acid

Articles

Most recent articles on Succinic acid

Most cited articles on Succinic acid

Review articles on Succinic acid

Articles on Succinic acid in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Succinic acid

Images of Succinic acid

Photos of Succinic acid

Podcasts & MP3s on Succinic acid

Videos on Succinic acid

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Succinic acid

Bandolier on Succinic acid

TRIP on Succinic acid

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Succinic acid at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Succinic acid

Clinical Trials on Succinic acid at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Succinic acid

NICE Guidance on Succinic acid

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Succinic acid

CDC on Succinic acid

Books

Books on Succinic acid

News

Succinic acid in the news

Be alerted to news on Succinic acid

News trends on Succinic acid

Commentary

Blogs on Succinic acid

Definitions

Definitions of Succinic acid

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Succinic acid

Discussion groups on Succinic acid

Patient Handouts on Succinic acid

Directions to Hospitals Treating Succinic acid

Risk calculators and risk factors for Succinic acid

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Succinic acid

Causes & Risk Factors for Succinic acid

Diagnostic studies for Succinic acid

Treatment of Succinic acid

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Succinic acid

International

Succinic acid en Espanol

Succinic acid en Francais

Business

Succinic acid in the Marketplace

Patents on Succinic acid

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Succinic acid


Overview

Succinic acid (IUPAC systematic name: butanedioic acid; historically known as spirit of amber) is a dicarboxylic acid which plays a biochemical role in the citric acid cycle.

Physical properties

At room temperature, pure succinic acid is a solid that forms colorless, odorless crystals. It has a melting point of 185  °C and a boiling point of 235  °C. It is a diprotic acid. The carboxylate anion is called 'succinate and esters of succinic acid are called alkyl succinates.

Biochemical role

Succinate is a component of the citric acid cycle and is capable of donating electrons to the electron transfer chain via the following reaction:

succinate + FADfumarate + FADH2

This is catalysed by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (or complex II of the mitochondrial ETC). The complex is a 4 subunit membrane-bound lipoprotein which couples the oxidation of succinate to the reduction of ubiquinone. Intermediate electron carriers are FAD and three Fe2S2 clusters part of subunit B.

Mark Donnelly from Argonne National Laboratory developed one of the best strains (AFP 184) to convert raw hydrolysates from biomass to succinate.[1]

History

Spirit of amber was procured from amber by pulverising and distilling it using a sand bath. It was chiefly used externally for rheumatic aches and pains, and internally in inveterate gleets.

Safety

The acid is combustible and corrosive, capable of causing burns. "Harmful by inhalation, ingestion and through skin absorption. Wash after handling. Eye contact may cause serious damage."

In nutraceutical form as a food additive and dietary supplement, is safe and approved by the FDA.

Oxidition reaction

Succinic acid can be converted to fumaric acid by oxidation.

References

  1. US Patent 6,743,610

See also

External links

Template:Citric acid cycle


bg:Янтарна киселина da:Ravsyre de:Bernsteinsäure el:Ηλεκτρικό οξύ it:Acido succinico lv:Dzintarskābe hu:Szukcinilsav nl:Barnsteenzuur sv:Bärnstenssyra

Template:WH

Template:WS