Small nucleolar RNA SNORD115
Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff Template:Rfam box
SNORD115 (also known as HBII-52) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifiying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
HBII-52 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs[1].
In the human genome, HBII-52 is encoded in a tandemly repeated array with another C/D box snoRNA, HBII-85, in the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) region of chromosome 15 [2]. HBII-52 is exclusively expressed in the brain but is absent in PWS patients. HBII-52 lacks any significant complementarity with ribosomal RNAs, but does have an 18 nucleotide region of conserved complementarity to serotonin 2C receptor mRNA.
Transcriptions
For "box C/D snoRNAs, boxes C and D and an adjoining stem form a vital structure, known as the box C/D motif."[3]
"The [C and D] box elements are essential for snoRNA production [transcription] and for snoRNA-directed modification of rRNA nucleotides."[3]
The "motif is necessary and sufficient for nucleolar targeting, both in yeast and mammals. Moreover, in mammalian cells, RNA is targeted to coiled bodies as well. Thus, the box C/D motif is the first intranuclear RNA trafficking signal identified for an RNA family. Remarkably, it also couples snoRNA localization with synthesis and, most likely, function. The distribution of snoRNA precursors in mammalian cells suggests that this coupling is provided by a specific protein(s) which binds the box C/D motif during or rapidly after snoRNA transcription."[3]
"Members of the box C/D snoRNA family, which are the subject of the present report, possess characteristic sequence elements known as box C (UGAUGA) and box D (GUCUGA)."[3]
Substituting T for U yields C box = 3'-AGTAGT-5' and D box = 3'-AGTCTG-5' in the transcription direction on the template strand.
"The antisense elements located immediately upstream of the D box and/or the D′ box match the sequence of the target RNA, while the areas immediately upstream of the C box and immediately downstream of the D box form a 5′–3′ terminal stem".[4]
See also
References
- ↑ Galardi, S (2002). "Purified box C/D snoRNPs are able to reproduce site-specific 2'-O-methylation of target RNA in vitro". Mol Cell Biol. 22: 6663&ndash, 6668. PMID 12215523. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ Cavaillé J, Buiting K, Kiefmann M; et al. (2000). "Identification of brain-specific and imprinted small nucleolar RNA genes exhibiting an unusual genomic organization". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (26): 14311–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.250426397. PMID 11106375.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Dmitry A.Samarsky, Maurille J.Fournier, Robert H.Singer and Edouard Bertrand (1 July 1998). "The snoRNA box C/D motif directs nucleolar targeting and also couples snoRNA synthesis and localization" (PDF). The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) Journal. 17 (13): 3747–3757. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.13.3747. PMID 9649444. Retrieved 2017-02-04.
- ↑ Satu Nahkuri, Ryan J. Taft, Darren J. Korbie and John S. Mattick (12 September 2008). "Molecular Evolution of the HBII-52 snoRNA Cluster". Journal of Molecular Biology. 381 (4): 810–815. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.06.057. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
Acknowledgements
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