Scoliosis diagnostic study of choice

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Diagnostic Study of Choice

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of scoliosis. In addition, x-rays and CT scan of the spine must be performed to monitor curve progression and look for vertebral anomalies.

Diagnostic Study of Choice

Study of choice

The comparison of various diagnostic studies for scoliosis

Test Sensitivity Specificity
MRI 94.4% 95.5%
X-ray 95% 35%

Thus MRI is the preferred investigation based on the sensitivity and specificity

Diagnostic results

The following finding(s) on performing MRI are confirmatory for scoliosis:

Sequence of Diagnostic Studies

The various investigations must be performed in the following order:

Scoliosis Diagnostic Criteria

Based on literature, scoliosis may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following rule in criteria are met:[6] [7][8]

  • Scoliometer measurement of >5°
  • Cobb angle measurement, of a major structural curve, of >10° (cut-off based on natural history studies and evaluation of curve progression rates)
  • Absence of other possible cause for the spinal deformity.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Calloni SF, Huisman TA, Poretti A, Soares BP (2017). "Back pain and scoliosis in children: When to image, what to consider". Neuroradiol J. 30 (5): 393–404. doi:10.1177/1971400917697503. PMC 5602330. PMID 28786774.
  2. Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.
  3. Diab M, Landman Z, Lubicky J, Dormans J, Erickson M, Richards BS; et al. (2011). "Use and outcome of MRI in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis". Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 36 (8): 667–71. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181da218c. PMID 21178850.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Hong A, Jaswal N, Westover L, Parent EC, Moreau M, Hedden D; et al. (2017). "Surface Topography Classification Trees for Assessing Severity and Monitoring Progression in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis". Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 42 (13): E781–E787. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001971. PMID 27811503.
  5. Imagama S, Kawakami N (2005). "Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation". J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. 20: 20–25.
  6. Janicki JA, Alman B (2007). "Scoliosis: Review of diagnosis and treatment". Paediatr Child Health. 12 (9): 771–6. PMC 2532872. PMID 19030463.
  7. Kesling KL, Reinker KA (1997). "Scoliosis in twins. A meta-analysis of the literature and report of six cases". Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 22 (17): 2009–14, discussion 2015. PMID 9306532.
  8. Parent S, Newton PO, Wenger DR (2005). "Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: etiology, anatomy, natural history, and bracing". Instr Course Lect. 54: 529–36. PMID 15948477.

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