Retroviral Psi packaging element
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Retroviral Psi packaging element is a cis-acting RNA element identified in the genomes of the retroviruses Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). It is involved in regulating encapsidation of the retroviral RNA, an essential step in replication [1][2][3]. This RNA element is known to have a secondary structure composed of four hairpins called SL1 to SL4 (SL is for Stem Loop). It has been shown that SL1 may provide a secondary binding site for the viral Rev protein [4]. Each of the stem loops SL1 [5], SL2 [6], SL3 [7] and SL4 [8] have been independently expressed and structurally characterised.
References
- ↑ McBride MS, Panganiban AT (1997). "Position dependence of functional hairpins important for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA encapsidation in vivo". J. Virol. 71 (3): 2050–8. PMID 9032337.
- ↑ McBride MS, Schwartz MD, Panganiban AT (1997). "Efficient encapsidation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vectors and further characterization of cis elements required for encapsidation". J. Virol. 71 (6): 4544–54. PMID 9151848.
- ↑ McBride MS, Panganiban AT (1996). "The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encapsidation site is a multipartite RNA element composed of functional hairpin structures". J. Virol. 70 (5): 2963–73. PMID 8627772.
- ↑ Gallego J, Greatorex J, Zhang H; et al. (2003). "Rev binds specifically to a purine loop in the SL1 region of the HIV-1 leader RNA". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (41): 40385–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301041200. PMID 12851400.
- ↑ Lawrence DC, Stover CC, Noznitsky J, Wu Z, Summers MF (2003). "Structure of the intact stem and bulge of HIV-1 Psi-RNA stem-loop SL1". J. Mol. Biol. 326 (2): 529–42. PMID 12559920.
- ↑ Amarasinghe GK, De Guzman RN, Turner RB, Chancellor KJ, Wu ZR, Summers MF (2000). "NMR structure of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein bound to stem-loop SL2 of the psi-RNA packaging signal. Implications for genome recognition". J. Mol. Biol. 301 (2): 491–511. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3979. PMID 10926523.
- ↑ Pappalardo L, Kerwood DJ, Pelczer I, Borer PN (1998). "Three-dimensional folding of an RNA hairpin required for packaging HIV-1". J. Mol. Biol. 282 (4): 801–18. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2046. PMID 9743628.
- ↑ Kerwood DJ, Cavaluzzi MJ, Borer PN (2001). "Structure of SL4 RNA from the HIV-1 packaging signal". Biochemistry. 40 (48): 14518–29. PMID 11724565.
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