Pulmonary valve stenosis causes

	Pulmonary valve stenosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Pulmonary valve stenosis is a dynamic or fixed obstruction of the flow from the right ventricle of the heart to the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary valve stenosis can be caused by an isolated valvular obstruction, subvalvular or supravalvular obstruction. Narrowing of the pulmonary valve can be congenital. Other common causes include carcinoid syndrome, congenital rubella syndrome or tetralogy of Fallot.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Endocarditis

Common Causes

Valvular Pulmonic Stenosis

Subvalvular Pulmonic Stenosis

Tetralogy of Fallot

Supravalvular Pulmonic Stenosis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Bicuspid pulmonic valves, cardiac myxoma, congenital heart disease, double-chambered right ventricle, Ebstein's anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis, Ivemark syndrome, rheumatic heart disease, right ventricular tumors, Tetralogy of Fallot
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Costello syndrome
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Alagille syndrome, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, Ivemark syndrome, primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, protein-losing gastroenteropathy, tropical sprue, ulcerative colitis
Genetic	Alagille syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Carpenter syndrome, congenital rubella syndrome, Costello syndrome, Ebstein's anomaly, Keutel syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome, neonatal lupus, Noonan syndrome, Tetralogy of Fallot, Turner syndrome, Weill-Marchesani syndrome, Williams syndrome, Williams-Beuren syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
Hematologic	Amyloidosis, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Iatrogenic	Blalock-Taussig shunt, catheter ablation for arrhythmia, congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries, heart surgery, prosthetic valve dysfunction, radiation
Infectious Disease	Congenital rubella syndrome, infective endocarditis, rheumatic fever
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Carpenter syndrome, Costello syndrome, Noonan syndrome
Neurologic	Carpenter syndrome, Keutel syndrome
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Neonatal lupus
Oncologic	Carcinoid syndrome, cardiac myxoma, right ventricular tumors
Ophthalmologic	Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Overdose/Toxicity	Lithium
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Eisenmenger syndrome, Loefflers syndrome, Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Renal/Electrolyte	End stage renal disease
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Neonatal lupus, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 DAVIDSON JD, WALDMANN TA, GOODMAN DS, GORDON RS (1961). "Protein-losing gastroenteropathy in congestive heart-failure". Lancet. 1 (7183): 899–902. PMID 13720056.
↑ Simula DV, Edwards WD, Tazelaar HD, Connolly HM, Schaff HV (2002). "Surgical pathology of carcinoid heart disease: a study of 139 valves from 75 patients spanning 20 years". Mayo Clin Proc. 77 (2): 139–47. doi:10.4065/77.2.139. PMID 11838647.
↑ Hummel J, Michaud G, Hoyt R, Delurgio D, Rasekh A, Kusumoto F; et al. (2013). "Phased RF Ablation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation". Heart Rhythm. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.11.009. PMID 24239841.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Müller C, Globits S, Glogar D, Klepetko W, Knoflach P (1991). "Constrictive pericarditis without typical haemodynamic changes as a cause of oedema formation due to protein-losing enteropathy". Eur Heart J. 12 (10): 1140–3. PMID 1782939.
↑ Rowe RD (1973). "Cardiovascular disease in the rubella syndrome". Cardiovasc Clin. 5 (1): 61–80. PMID 4589966.
↑ Cabrera A, Martinez P, Rumoroso JR, Alcibar J, Arriola J, Pastor E; et al. (1995). "Double-chambered right ventricle". Eur Heart J. 16 (5): 682–6. PMID 7588901.
↑ SUMNER RG, JACOBY WJ, TUCKER DH (1964). "EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION". Circulation. 30: 578–87. PMID 14211820.
↑ Roberts WC, Mason DT, Morrow AG, Braunwald E (1968). "Calcific pulmonic stenosis". Circulation. 37 (6): 973–8. PMID 5653056.
↑ Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Driscoll DJ, Keane JF, Kidd L, O'Fallon WM; et al. (1993). "Bacterial endocarditis in patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or ventricular septal defect". Circulation. 87 (2 Suppl): I121–6. PMID 8425318.
↑ Garg A, Nanda NC, Sungur A, Sharma GL, Mehta KJ, Oz TK (2013). "Transthoracic Echocardiographic Detection of Pulmonary Valve Involvement in Löeffler's Endocarditis". Echocardiography. doi:10.1111/echo.12368. PMID 24102642.
↑ Buyon JP, Hiebert R, Copel J, Craft J, Friedman D, Katholi M; et al. (1998). "Autoimmune-associated congenital heart block: demographics, mortality, morbidity and recurrence rates obtained from a national neonatal lupus registry". J Am Coll Cardiol. 31 (7): 1658–66. PMID 9626848.
↑ Wilkinson P, Pinto B, Senior JR (1965). "Reversible protein-losing enteropathy with intestinal lymphangiectasia secondary to chronic constrictive pericarditis". N Engl J Med. 273 (22): 1178–81. doi:10.1056/NEJM196511252732202. PMID 5847556.
↑ Meadows J, Jenkins K (2011). "Protein-losing enteropathy: integrating a new disease paradigm into recommendations for prevention and treatment". Cardiol Young. 21 (4): 363–77. doi:10.1017/S1047951111000102. PMID 21349233.
↑ Kochhar A, Kirmani S, Cetta F, Younge B, Hyland JC, Michels V (2013). "Similarity of geleophysic dysplasia and weill-marchesani syndrome". Am J Med Genet A. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36147. PMID 24214363.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid13720056-1] 1.0 ^1.1 DAVIDSON JD, WALDMANN TA, GOODMAN DS, GORDON RS (1961). "Protein-losing gastroenteropathy in congestive heart-failure". Lancet. 1 (7183): 899–902. PMID 13720056.

[pmid11838647-2] Simula DV, Edwards WD, Tazelaar HD, Connolly HM, Schaff HV (2002). "Surgical pathology of carcinoid heart disease: a study of 139 valves from 75 patients spanning 20 years". Mayo Clin Proc. 77 (2): 139–47. doi:10.4065/77.2.139. PMID 11838647.

[pmid24239841-3] Hummel J, Michaud G, Hoyt R, Delurgio D, Rasekh A, Kusumoto F; et al. (2013). "Phased RF Ablation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation". Heart Rhythm. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.11.009. PMID 24239841.

[pmid1782939-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Müller C, Globits S, Glogar D, Klepetko W, Knoflach P (1991). "Constrictive pericarditis without typical haemodynamic changes as a cause of oedema formation due to protein-losing enteropathy". Eur Heart J. 12 (10): 1140–3. PMID 1782939.

[pmid4589966-5] Rowe RD (1973). "Cardiovascular disease in the rubella syndrome". Cardiovasc Clin. 5 (1): 61–80. PMID 4589966.

[pmid7588901-6] Cabrera A, Martinez P, Rumoroso JR, Alcibar J, Arriola J, Pastor E; et al. (1995). "Double-chambered right ventricle". Eur Heart J. 16 (5): 682–6. PMID 7588901.

[pmid14211820-7] SUMNER RG, JACOBY WJ, TUCKER DH (1964). "EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION". Circulation. 30: 578–87. PMID 14211820.

[pmid5653056-8] Roberts WC, Mason DT, Morrow AG, Braunwald E (1968). "Calcific pulmonic stenosis". Circulation. 37 (6): 973–8. PMID 5653056.

[pmid8425318-9] Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Driscoll DJ, Keane JF, Kidd L, O'Fallon WM; et al. (1993). "Bacterial endocarditis in patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or ventricular septal defect". Circulation. 87 (2 Suppl): I121–6. PMID 8425318.

[pmid24102642-10] Garg A, Nanda NC, Sungur A, Sharma GL, Mehta KJ, Oz TK (2013). "Transthoracic Echocardiographic Detection of Pulmonary Valve Involvement in Löeffler's Endocarditis". Echocardiography. doi:10.1111/echo.12368. PMID 24102642.

[pmid9626848-11] Buyon JP, Hiebert R, Copel J, Craft J, Friedman D, Katholi M; et al. (1998). "Autoimmune-associated congenital heart block: demographics, mortality, morbidity and recurrence rates obtained from a national neonatal lupus registry". J Am Coll Cardiol. 31 (7): 1658–66. PMID 9626848.

[pmid5847556-12] Wilkinson P, Pinto B, Senior JR (1965). "Reversible protein-losing enteropathy with intestinal lymphangiectasia secondary to chronic constrictive pericarditis". N Engl J Med. 273 (22): 1178–81. doi:10.1056/NEJM196511252732202. PMID 5847556.

[pmid21349233-13] Meadows J, Jenkins K (2011). "Protein-losing enteropathy: integrating a new disease paradigm into recommendations for prevention and treatment". Cardiol Young. 21 (4): 363–77. doi:10.1017/S1047951111000102. PMID 21349233.

[pmid24214363-14] Kochhar A, Kirmani S, Cetta F, Younge B, Hyland JC, Michels V (2013). "Similarity of geleophysic dysplasia and weill-marchesani syndrome". Am J Med Genet A. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.36147. PMID 24214363.

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