Pneumomediastinum classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]

Overview

Pneumomediastinum may be classified according to cause into spontaneous pneumomediastinum and secondary pneumomediastinum. Both the categories have multiple causes.

Classification

Pneumomediastinum is mainly classified according to the cause into 2 groups[1]:


 
 
 
 
 
Pneumomediastinum
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum
•Tobacco and recreational drug use
 
 
 
Secondary pneumomediastinum
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Iatrogenic
• Endoscopic procedures
• Intubation/extubation
• Central line access
• Pleural cavity instrumentation
• Chest or abdominal surgery
 
 
 
Traumatic
• Blunt force trauma
• Penetrating truma to chest/abdomen
Non traumatic
• Asthma
• Interstitial lung disease
• COPD
• Bronchiectasis
• Lung cysts
• Lung malignacies
• Excessive vomitting
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

  1. Kouritas VK, Papagiannopoulos K, Lazaridis G, Baka S, Mpoukovinas I, Karavasilis V, Lampaki S, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Papaiwannou A, Karavergou A, Kipourou M, Lada M, Organtzis J, Katsikogiannis N, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis K, Zarogoulidis P (February 2015). "Pneumomediastinum". J Thorac Dis. 7 (Suppl 1): S44–9. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.11. PMC 4332083. PMID 25774307.
  2. http://www.pulmonologyadvisor.com/pulmonary-medicine/non-neoplastic-disorders-of-the-mediastinum-pneumomediastinum/article/661012/

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