Pituitary apoplexy history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Pituitary apoplexy usually has a short period of symptoms (acute), but it can be life-threatening. Symptoms usually include severe headache, paralysis of eye muscles, visual disturbances, nausea, and vomiting.

History

Obtaining a history gives important information in making a diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy. It provides an insight into the cause, precipitating factors, and associated comorbid conditions. A complete history will help determine the correct therapy and helps in determining the prognosis. Pituitary apoplexy patients may be disoriented, therefore, the patient interview may be difficult. In such cases, history from the care givers or the family members may need to be obtained. The areas of focus should be on onset, duration, and progression of symptoms such as:

Common Symptoms

Pituitary apoplexy usually has a short period of symptoms (acute), but it can be life-threatening. Symptoms usually include:[1][2]

Over time, problems with other pituitary hormones may develop, causing symptoms of the following conditions:

Less Common Symptoms

When the posterior pituitary is involved (rare), symptoms may include:

References

  1. Pyrgelis ES, Mavridis I, Meliou M (2017). "Presenting Symptoms of Pituitary Apoplexy". J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1599051. PMID 28437813.
  2. Randeva HS, Schoebel J, Byrne J, Esiri M, Adams CB, Wass JA (1999). "Classical pituitary apoplexy: clinical features, management and outcome". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 51 (2): 181–8. PMID 10468988.

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