Prostacyclin

Prostacyclin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
5-[7-hydroxy-8- (3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl) -4-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-3-ylidene] pentanoic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	35121-78-9
ATC code	B01AC09
PubChem	114805
DrugBank	APRD00949
Chemical data
Formula	C20H32O5
Mol. mass	352.465 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	?

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Overview

Prostacyclin is a member of the family of lipid molecules known as eicosanoids. A synthetic form of prostacyclin, used as a medicine, is referred to as epoprostenol.

Production

It is produced in endothelial cells from prostaglandin H₂ (PGH₂) by the action of the enzyme prostacyclin synthase. Although prostacyclin is considered an independent mediator, it is called PGI₂ (prostaglandin I₂) in eicosanoid nomenclature, and is a member of the prostanoids (together with the prostaglandins and thromboxane).

The series-3 prostaglandin PGH₃ also follows the prostacyclin synthase pathway, yielding another prostacyclin, PGI₃.(Fischer, 1985)  The unqualified term 'prostacyclin' usually refers to PGI₂. PGI₂ is derived from the ω-6 arachidonic acid. PGI₃ is derived from the ω-3 EPA.

Eicosanoid synthesis. (Prostacyclin near bottom center.)

Mode of action

Prostacyclin acts chiefly to prevent platelet formation and clumping involved in blood clotting. It is also an effective vasodilator. Prostacyclin's interactions in contrast to thromboxane, another eicosanoid, strongly suggest a mechanism of cardiovascular homeostasis between the two hormones in relation to vascular damage.

Pharmacology

Synthetic prostacyclin analogues (iloprost, cisaprost) are used intravenously, subcutaneously or by inhalation:

• as a vasodilator in severe Raynaud's phenomenon or ischemia of a limb;
• in pulmonary hypertension.

Its production is inhibited indirectly by NSAIDs, which inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX1 and COX2. These convert arachidonic acid to PGH₂, the immediate precursor of prostacyclin.

References

• Dorlands Medical Dictionary. epoprostenol.

• Fischer S, Weber PC (1985). "Thromboxane (TX) A3 and prostaglandin (PG) I3 are formed in man after dietary eicosapentaenoic acid: identification and quantification by capillary gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry". Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 12 (9): 470-6. PMID 2996649.

See also

Essential fatty acid

Cost Effectiveness of Prostacyclin

| group5 = Clinical Trials Involving Prostacyclin | list5 = Ongoing Trials on Prostacyclin at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Prostacyclin • Clinical Trials on Prostacyclin at Google

| group6 = Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Prostacyclin | list6 = US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Prostacyclin • NICE Guidance on Prostacyclin • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Prostacyclin • CDC on Prostacyclin

| group7 = Textbook Information on Prostacyclin | list7 = Books and Textbook Information on Prostacyclin

| group8 = Pharmacology Resources on Prostacyclin | list8 = AND (Dose)}} Dosing of Prostacyclin • AND (drug interactions)}} Drug interactions with Prostacyclin • AND (side effects)}} Side effects of Prostacyclin • AND (Allergy)}} Allergic reactions to Prostacyclin • AND (overdose)}} Overdose information on Prostacyclin • AND (carcinogenicity)}} Carcinogenicity information on Prostacyclin • AND (pregnancy)}} Prostacyclin in pregnancy • AND (pharmacokinetics)}} Pharmacokinetics of Prostacyclin •

| group9 = Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Prostacyclin | list9 = AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Genetics of Prostacyclin • AND (pharmacogenomics)}} Pharmacogenomics of Prostacyclin • AND (proteomics)}} Proteomics of Prostacyclin

| group10 = Newstories on Prostacyclin | list10 = Prostacyclin in the news • Be alerted to news on Prostacyclin • News trends on Prostacyclin</small>

| group11 = Commentary on Prostacyclin | list11 = Blogs on Prostacyclin

| group12 = Patient Resources on Prostacyclin | list12 = Patient resources on Prostacyclin • Discussion groups on Prostacyclin • Patient Handouts on Prostacyclin • Directions to Hospitals Treating Prostacyclin • Risk calculators and risk factors for Prostacyclin

| group13 = Healthcare Provider Resources on Prostacyclin | list13 = Symptoms of Prostacyclin • Causes & Risk Factors for Prostacyclin • Diagnostic studies for Prostacyclin • Treatment of Prostacyclin

| group14 = Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Prostacyclin | list14 = CME Programs on Prostacyclin

| group15 = International Resources on Prostacyclin | list15 = Prostacyclin en Espanol • Prostacyclin en Francais

| group16 = Business Resources on Prostacyclin | list16 = Prostacyclin in the Marketplace • Patents on Prostacyclin

| group17 = Informatics Resources on Prostacyclin | list17 = List of terms related to Prostacyclin

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