Nelson's syndrome

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Nelson's syndrome Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753

Overview

Nelson's syndrome is the rapid enlargement of a pituitary adenoma that occurs after the removal of both adrenal glands.[1]

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Removal of both adrenal glands, or bilateral adrenalectomy, is an operation for Cushing's Disease. Removal of both adrenals eliminates production of cortisol, and the lack of cortisol's negative feedback can allow any preexisting pituitary adenoma to grow unchecked. Continued growth can cause mass effects due to physical compression of brain tissue, along with increased production of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).

Causes

Differentiating Nelson's syndrome from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Nelson's syndrome is rare because bilateral adrenalectomy is now only used in extreme circumstances.

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

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Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

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Laboratory Findings

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