Multiple myeloma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hannan Javed, M.D.[2] Haytham Allaham, M.D. [3] Shyam Patel [4]

Overview

Multiple myeloma must be differentiated from other causes of bone lesions such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, scurvy, osteogenesis imperfecta, and homocystinuria. Each condition has unique causes, features, and treatment.

Differentiating Multiple Myeloma from other Diseases

  • The table below summarizes how to differentiate multiple myeloma from other conditions that have a similar presentation:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Differential Diagnosis Causes Features Therapy
Multiple myeloma
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) Observation
Asymptomatic Plasma Cell Myeloma

(Smoldering and Indolent plasma cell myeloma)

Observation
Plasma Cell Leukemia Chemotherapy
Plasmacytoma Surgery
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Scurvy
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Homocystinuria

References

  1. "Myeloma - SEER Stat Fact Sheets". Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  2. Zuo QY, Wang H, Li W, Niu XH, Huang YH, Chen J; et al. (2017). "Treatment and outcomes of tumor-induced osteomalacia associated with phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors: retrospective review of 12 patients". BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 18 (1): 403. doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1756-1. PMC 5609032. PMID 28934935.
  3. Shaker JL, Albert C, Fritz J, Harris G (2015). "Recent developments in osteogenesis imperfecta". F1000Res. 4 (F1000 Faculty Rev): 681. doi:10.12688/f1000research.6398.1. PMC 4566283. PMID 26401268.
  4. Kumar A, Palfrey HA, Pathak R, Kadowitz PJ, Gettys TW, Murthy SN (2017). "The metabolism and significance of homocysteine in nutrition and health". Nutr Metab (Lond). 14: 78. doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0233-z. PMC 5741875. PMID 29299040.
  5. Soh KT, Tario JD, Wallace PK (December 2017). "Diagnosis of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias and Monitoring of Minimal Residual Disease by Multiparametric Flow Cytometry". Clin. Lab. Med. 37 (4): 821–853. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2017.08.001. PMC 5804349. PMID 29128071.
  6. Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV (January 2009). "Criteria for diagnosis, staging, risk stratification and response assessment of multiple myeloma". Leukemia. 23 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1038/leu.2008.291. PMC 2627786. PMID 18971951.
  7. Rajkumar SV, Landgren O, Mateos MV (May 2015). "Smoldering multiple myeloma". Blood. 125 (20): 3069–75. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-09-568899. PMC 4432003. PMID 25838344.