Mitotoxin

Jump to navigation Jump to search

WikiDoc Resources for Mitotoxin

Articles

Most recent articles on Mitotoxin

Most cited articles on Mitotoxin

Review articles on Mitotoxin

Articles on Mitotoxin in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Mitotoxin

Images of Mitotoxin

Photos of Mitotoxin

Podcasts & MP3s on Mitotoxin

Videos on Mitotoxin

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Mitotoxin

Bandolier on Mitotoxin

TRIP on Mitotoxin

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Mitotoxin at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Mitotoxin

Clinical Trials on Mitotoxin at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Mitotoxin

NICE Guidance on Mitotoxin

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Mitotoxin

CDC on Mitotoxin

Books

Books on Mitotoxin

News

Mitotoxin in the news

Be alerted to news on Mitotoxin

News trends on Mitotoxin

Commentary

Blogs on Mitotoxin

Definitions

Definitions of Mitotoxin

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Mitotoxin

Discussion groups on Mitotoxin

Patient Handouts on Mitotoxin

Directions to Hospitals Treating Mitotoxin

Risk calculators and risk factors for Mitotoxin

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Mitotoxin

Causes & Risk Factors for Mitotoxin

Diagnostic studies for Mitotoxin

Treatment of Mitotoxin

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Mitotoxin

International

Mitotoxin en Espanol

Mitotoxin en Francais

Business

Mitotoxin in the Marketplace

Patents on Mitotoxin

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Mitotoxin


Maitotoxin is the toxin that causes ciguatera poisoning. Maitotoxin was named from the ciguateric fish Ctenochaetus striatus—called “maito” in Tahiti—from which maitotoxin was isolated for the first time. Later on, it was revealed that maitotoxin is made by the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus.

The toxicity of maitotoxin to mice is the highest in nonprotein toxins: the LD50 is 50 ng/kg. Maitotoxin induces Ca2+ influx into cell lines when its concentration is nanomolar to picomolar, and at lower concentrations than picomolar, maitotoxin stimulates degradation of inositol phosphate. The mechanisms of the activities have not been determined yet.

Maitotoxin's molecular formula is C164H256O68S2Na2, and its molecular weight is 3422: it is the largest natural product among compounds that do not have well-known units like proteins or polysaccharides. Maitotoxin includes 32 ether rings, 22 methyls, 28 hydroxyls, and 2 sulfuric acid esters. Maitotoxin has an amphipathic structure: polar radicals localize at the A to O rings, and methyls localize at the R to F' rings.

The chemical structure of mitotoxin was determined in 1996 by using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, mass spectroscopy, and synthetic chemical methods.

File:Mitotoxin.jpg
Molecular structure of maitotoxin


External links

Template:WH Template:WikiDoc Sources