Major or mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer's Disease

DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria for Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease [1]

  • A.The criteria are met for major or mild neurocognitive disorder.

AND

  • B.There is insidious onset and gradual progression of impairment in one or more cognitive domains (for major neurocognitive disorder, at least two domains must be impaired).

AND

  • C.Criteria are met for either probable or possible Alzheimer’s disease as follows:

For major neurocognitive disorder:

Probable Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed if either of the following is present; otherwise,

possible Alzheimer’s disease should be diagnosed.

  • 1.Evidence of a causative Alzheimer’s disease genetic mutation from family history or genetic testing.
  • 2.All three of the following are present:
  • a.Clear evidence of decline in memory and learning and at least one other cognitive domain (based on detailed history or serial neuropsychological testing).
  • b.Steadily progressive, gradual decline in cognition, without extended plateaus.
  • c.No evidence of mixed etiology (i.e., absence of other neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular disease, or another neurological, mental, or systemic disease or condition likely contributing to cognitive decline).

For mild neurocognitive disorder:

Probable Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed if there is evidence of a causative Alzheimer’s disease genetic mutation from either genetic testing or family history.

Possible Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed if there is no evidence of a causative Alzheimer’s disease genetic mutation from either genetic testing or family history, and all three of the following are present:

  • 1.Clear evidence of decline in memory and learning.
  • 2.Steadily progressive, gradual decline in cognition, without extended plateaus.
  • 3.No evidence of mixed etiology (i.e., absence of other neurodegenerative or cerebrovascular disease, or another neurological or systemic disease or condition likely contributing to cognitive decline).

AND

  • D.The disturbance is not better explained by cerebrovascular disease, another neurodegenerative disease, the effects of a substance, or another mental, neurological, or systemic disorder.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

By age group, the prevalence of major or mild neurocognitive disorders due to Alzheimer's disease is:[1]

  • 7,000 per 100,000 (7%) in ages 65-74 years
  • 53,000 per 100,000 (53%) in ages 75-84 years
  • 40,000 per 100,000 (40%) in ages 85 years and older

Risk Factors

Risk factors for the development of neurocognitive disorders due to Alzheimer's disease include:[1]

Differential Diagnosis

  • Other concurrent, active neurological or systemic illness

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.

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