Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S

Overview

Pathophysiology

The disease results from an inactivating mutation in the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 ENPP1 gene, leading to decreased inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of calcium deposition in the vessel wall. This mutation allows for unregulated calcium deposition within muscular arteries. The symptoms are caused by calcification of large and medium-sized arteries, including the aorta, coronary arteries, and renal arteries. Most of the patients die by 6 months of age because of heart failure. Recently,homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations for ENPP1 gene were reported as causative for the disorder. ENPP1 regulates extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a major inhibiter of extracellular matrix calcification.[1]

References

  1. Rutsch, Frank; Vaingankar, Sucheta; Johnson, Kristen; Goldfine, Ira; Maddux, Betty; Schauerte, Petra; Kalhoff, Hermann; Sano, Kimihiko; Boisvert, William A. (2001). "PC-1 Nucleoside Triphosphate Pyrophosphohydrolase Deficiency in Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification". The American Journal of Pathology. 158 (2): 543–54. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63996-X. PMC 1850320. PMID 11159191.


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