Horner's syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Horner's syndrome is usually acquired but may also be congenital (inborn) or iatrogenic (caused by medical treatment). Although most causes are relatively benign, Horner's syndrome may reflect serious pathology in the neck or chest (such as a Pancoast tumor or thyrocervical venous dilatation) and hence requires workup.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Aneurysm or dissection of the aorta, Aortic aneurysm thoracic, Carotid aneurysm, Carotid angiography, Carotid artery dissection, Carotid artery thrombosis, Carotid cavernous, fistula, Cavernous sinus Inflammation, Coronary artery bypass grafting, Dissecting aortic aneurysm, Internal carotid artery, Aneurysm , Internal carotid artery Arteritis, Internal carotid artery Dissection, Lesions of the subclavian or common carotid artery, Subclavian artery aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic aneurysm
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat Acute otitis media, Lesions of the middle ear, Middle ear infection
Endocrine Goitre, Invasive pituitary tumor
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Arnold-Chiari malformation, Neurofibromatosis type 1
Hematologic Leukemia, Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Internal carotid artery Thrombosis, Lymphadenopathy, Lymphoma
Iatrogenic Central venous catheterization, Cervical plexus block, Chest tube placement, Interscalene block, Jugular cannulation, Neck surgery, Radical neck dissection, Stellate ganglion block, Sympathectomy, Thoracic surgery, Thyroidectomy, Traumatic dissection of the vertebral artery
Infectious Disease Basal meningitis, Congenital infections, Herpes zoster, Hydatid cyst, Mandibular tooth abscess, Tuberculosis,

Tuberculosis adenitis

Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Brain stem Demyelination, Brain stem lesion, Brainstem stroke, Brainstem tumor, Brainstem tumors, Glioma, Brainstem vascular malformations (AVM), Cerebral vascular accident (CVA), Cluster headache, Demyelinating disease, Demyelination brainstem, Hematomyelia, High cervical cord lesion, Hypothalamic lesion, Hypothalamic Stroke, Hypothalamic tumor, Intrapontine hemorrhage, Lesions in the hypothalamus or medulla, Multiple sclerosis, Myelitis , PICA syndrome, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, Spinal cord demyelination, spinal cord Infarction , Spinal Meningioma, Syringomyelia, Wallenberg syndrome, Lateral medullary syndrome]
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Birth trauma related, Birth trauma with injury to lower brachial plexus, Klumpke paralysis
Oncologic Bronchogenic carcinoma, Carotid body tumor, Cavernous sinus Tumors, Cervical spinal cord tumor, Hodgkin disease, Internal carotid artery Tumor, Intramedullary Tumor, large cell Lung cancer, Mediastinal mass, Mediastinal Neuroblastoma, Mesothelioma, Metastasis, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Neuroblastoma, Pancoast syndrome, Parotid gland tumor, Pulmonary lymphoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Skull base lymphoma, Squamous cell Lung cancer, Superior cervical ganglion Jugular venous ectasia, Thoracic spinal cord tumor, Thyroid carcinoma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Adeno carcinoma lung, Apical lung tumor
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Basal skull tumor, Cervical spinal cord injury, Cervico-thoracic Spinal cord Trauma, Internal carotid artery Trauma, Neck trauma, Superior cervical ganglion Trauma, Trauma - base of neck, Traumatic dislocation of cervical vertebrae
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Cervical rib, Idiopathic, Superior cervical ganglion surgical dissection, Superior vena cava syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

  1. Graff JM, Lee AG (February 21, 2005). "Horner's Syndrome (due to Cluster Headache): 46 y.o. man presenting with headache and ptosis". Ophthalmology Grand Rounds. The University of Iowa. Retrieved 2006-09-22.

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