HLA-A24
major histocompatibility complex (human), class I, A24
| ||
| Alleles | A*2402 A*2403 | |
| Structure (See HLA-A) | ||
| Identifiers | 2402 2403
| |
| Symbol(s) | HLA-A | |
| EBI-HLA | A*2402 | |
| Shared data | ||
| Locus | chr.6 6p21.31 | |
HLA-A24 (A24) is an HLA-A serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-A*24 gene products. A24 is a split antigen that is also recognized by the A9 broad antigen type. This broad antigen also recognizes the similar A23 types. A24 is common in Austronesia. A*2402 has one of the highest A allele frequencies for a number of peoples, including Papua New Guineans, Indigeonous Taiwanese (Eastern Tribals), Yupik and Greenland Eskimos. It is common over much of Southeastern Asia. In eurasia it is least common in Ireland, and it is relatively uncommon in Africa except North Africa and Kenya.
Serotype
| A*24 | A24 | A9 | Sample |
| allele | % | % | size (N) |
| 2402 | 97 | 3098 | |
| 2402 | 55 | 4 | 282 |
There are over 90 known A*24 alleles, 69 code for different isoforms and 7 are nulls.
Disease Associations
By serotype
A24 has a secondary risk factor for myasthenia gravis,,[2] Buerger's disease[3]
By allele
A*2402 is a secondary risk factor,[4] alters type 1 diabetes risk,[5][6] and allele associated with thyomoma induced myasthenia gravis.
A24-B Haplotypes
| freq | Rank in | |||
| ref. | Population | (%) | Pop. | |
| [7] | Java (Indonesia) | 8.0 | 1 | 4 |
| [7] | S. Amer. Native | 6.3 | 1 | 3 |
| [7] | N. Amer. Native | 5.4 | 1 | 5 |
| [7] | Mexican | 4.7 | 1 | |
| [7] | Inuit | 4.2 | 1 | |
| [7] | Brazilian | 3.8 | 1 | |
| [7] | Austria | 3.5 | 1 | |
| [7] | Portuguese | 3.1 | 1 | 3 |
| [7] | Yakut | 2.9 | 1 | |
| [7] | Mongolian | 2.7 | 1 | |
| [7] | Timor | 2.5 | 1 | 5 |
| [7] | Bharghavas (India) | 2.4 | 1 | |
| [7] | Greek | 2.3 | 1 | |
| [7] | Italian | 2.2 | 1 | |
| [7] | Mongolian | 1.9 | 1 | |
| [7] | Vietnamese | 1.8 | 1 | |
| [7] | Japanese | 1.6 | 2 | |
| [7] | French | 1.2 | 2 | |
| 1 Cw4. 2 Cw9. | ||||
A24-Cw7-B39
A24-Cw10-B60
A24-Cw10-B61
A24-B48
A24-Cw4-B35
This particular haplotype is common across a fairly wide region, possibly the most widely spread A-Cw-B haplotype in humans. Cw4-B35 has a node within the region once referred to as Thracia/Dacia.
A24-Cw*14-B51
| freq | ||
| ref. | Population | (%) |
| [7] | Korean | 3.5 |
| [7] | Iyers | 3.4 |
| [7] | Mongolian | 2.9 |
| [7] | Japanese | 2.6 |
| [7] | Romanian | 2.2 |
| [7] | Greek | 2.1 |
| [7] | Hungarian | 2.0 |
| [7] | Italian | 0.6 |
References
- ↑ derived from IMGT/HLA
- ↑ Machens A, Löliger C, Pichlmeier U, Emskötter T, Busch C, Izbicki J (1999). "Correlation of thymic pathology with HLA in myasthenia gravis". Clin Immunol. 91 (3): 296–301. PMID 10370374.
- ↑ Numano F, Sasazuki T, Koyama T, Shimokado K, Takeda Y, Nishimura Y, Mutoh M (1986). "HLA in Buerger's disease". Exp Clin Immunogenet. 3 (4): 195–200. PMID 3274054.
- ↑ de Juan M, Reta A, Belzunegui J, Figueroa M, Maruri N, Cuadrado E (2004). "HLA-A*2402 and a microsatellite (D6S248) are secondary independent susceptibility markers to ankylosing spondylitis in Basque patients". Hum Immunol. 65 (2): 175–80. PMID 14969772.
- ↑ Noble J, Valdes A, Bugawan T, Apple R, Thomson G, Erlich H (2002). "The HLA class I A locus affects susceptibility to type 1 diabetes". Hum Immunol. 63 (8): 657–64. PMID 12121673.
- ↑ Nakanishi K, Inoko H (2006). "Combination of HLA-A24, -DQA1*03, and -DR9 Contributes to Acute-Onset and Early Complete {beta}-Cell Destruction in Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Study of Residual {beta}-Cell Function". Diabetes. 55 (6): 1862–8. PMID 16731854.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 Sasazuki, Takehiko; Tsuji, Kimiyoshi; Aizawa, Miki (1992). HLA 1991: proceedings of the eleventh International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference, held in Yokohama, Japan, 6-13 November, 1991. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-262390-7.