Gastroenteritis causes

Gastroenteritis Microchapters
Patient Information
Overview
Classification
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

• Viral gastroenteritis is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in both adults and children. Many types of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. The most common ones are:
  • Astrovirus: The third significant viral agent is astrovirus.
  • Enteric adenovirus
  • Norovirus (also called Norwalk-like virus): It is common among school-age children. At least 50% of cases of gastroenteritis as foodborne illness are due to norovirus.
  • Rotavirus: The leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. It can also infect adults exposed to children with the virus. Outbreaks may also occur in nursing homes. These viruses are often found in contaminated food or drinking water. Symptoms of viral gastroenteritis usually appear within 4 - 48 hours after exposure to the contaminated food or water.

• Bacterial gastroenteritis
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Clostridium
  • E. coli
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Staphylococcus
  • Yersinia

Some sources of the infection are improperly prepared food, reheated meat dishes, seafood, dairy, and bakery products. Each organism causes slightly different symptoms but all result in diarrhea. Colitis, inflammation of the large intestine, may also be present.

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Artemether and lumefantrin, crofelemer, Fesoterodine, Levalbuterol, Natalizumab, Pergolide, Saxagliptin, Sulindac, Tocilizumab, Vilazodone
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Artemether and lumefantrin
• Natalizumab
• Pergolide

• Vilazodone