Ganglioneuroma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

Ganglioglioma must be differentiated from neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, spinal schwannoma, spinal neurofibroma, adrenal adenoma, adrenal carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma.[1][2]

Differentiating Ganglioneuroma from other Diseases

Ganglioneuroma must be differentiated Neurofibroma must be differentiated from:[3][4][5]

Differentiating neurofibroma from other diseases
Disease entity Etiology (Genetic or others) Histopathological findings Immunohistochemical staining Risk factors Common site of involvement Clinical manifestations Other associated features
Neurofibroma[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][9][13][14][15][16]

Can be sporadic or as a part of Neurofibromatosis 1 and 2

Neurofibroma with degenerative atypia ("ancient change") has following microscopic features:

Positive for:

Negative for:

Schwannoma[17][18][19][20][21] Positive for:

Negative for:

Symptoms of schwannoma depend on the location of the tumor:

Palisaded encapsulated neuroma (PEN) /solitary circumscribed neuroma[22] Positive for:

Negative for:

90% lesions affect the face involving:

Remaining 10% can occur anywhere in body involving:

Traumatic neuroma[23][24][25][26] Positive for: Most common oral locations are:

Rarely involves:

Also known as:
Neurotized melanocytic nevus[27][28][29][30] Positive for:

Negative for:

Can occur anywhere in body, mostly involving following areas: _
Cutaneous myxoma (Superficial angiomyxoma)[31][32][33][34] Positive for:

Negative for:

Associated with Carney's complex/syndrome which includes following:

May be associated with NAME or LAMB syndrome

Nerve sheath myxoma[35][36][37][38][39][40] Positive for: _ Can occur anywhere in body:
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)/malignant schwannoma[41][42][43][44][45][46]

Electron microscopy shows:

Positive for:

In case of glandular differentiation (malignant), positive for:

Negative for:

Associated with:

May be associated with:

Bulky deep-seated tumor usually arising from major nerves in:
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) Positive for:

Negative for:

_
Spindle cell lipoma Positive for:

Spindle cells are negative for:

_
  • Multiple well-circumscribed painless nodules involving several body parts
_
Ganglioneuroma[47][48] Genes involved in the pathogenesis of ganglioneuroma include:

Two histologic subtypes:

Positive for:

Negative for:

Ganglioneuromas may be associated with:

Located along distribution of sympathetic nervous system:

Symptoms of ganglioneuroma vary depending on the location of tumor, and include the following:

Patients with ganglioneuroma may also have paraneoplastic syndrome, which may manifest with:

Ganglioneuromas are included in the neuroblastic tumors group, which includes:

Myxoid liposarcoma[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]

Atypical lipomatous tumor/well differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma are associated with:

Myxoid liposarcoma is associated with:

Pleomorphicliposarcoma is associated with:

Well-differentiated liposarcoma:

De-differentiated liposarcoma:

Atypical lipomatous tumor/well differentiated liposarcoma is positive for:

_
Leiomyoma[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][60][63][67]

Positive for:

Negative for:

_
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT)[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][60][63][67]

Unknown underlying etiology, may be due to inflammatory reaction to:

Mutations such as:

Positive for:

Negative for:

Also known as:

Fibroepithelial polyp/Acrochordon[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] Associated with: Positive for:

Negative for:

Associated with:

Also known as:


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