Gallbladder cancer diagnostic study of choice
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer. According to Nevin's staging system and TNM staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer there are several stages of gallbladder cancer.
Gallbladder cancer diagnostic study of choice
- There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer
- Gall bladder can be diagnosed based on:[1]
Staging
| Stage | Characteristics |
| 1 | Invasion of mucosa by the tumor |
| 2 | Invasion of mucosa and muscularis by the tumor |
| 3 | Invasion of mucosa, muscularis, and subserosa |
| 4 | Involment of 3 layers of gallbladder + cystic lymph node |
| 5 | metastases |
| Stage | T-Stage | N-Stage | M-Stage |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Tis♣ | N0ɸ | M0ɝ |
| 1 | T1† | N0 | M0 |
| T1a | |||
| T1b | |||
| 2 | T2¥ | N0 | M0 |
| T2a | |||
| T2b | |||
| 3A | T3♠ | N0 | M0 |
| 3B | T1,T2,T3 | N1ǂ | M0 |
| 4A | T4♦ | N0,N1 | M0 |
| 5B | Any T | Any N | M1ɚ |
♣=Tis Carcinoma in situ;† T1a-Tumor invades the lamina propria; T1b-Tumor invades the muscular layer; ¥=T2 Tumour invades perimuscular connective tissue; T2a-Tumor invades the perimuscular connective tissue without involvement of the serosa; T2b-Tumor invades the perimuscular connective tissue with no extension into the liver;♠= T3 Tumour perforates serosa and/or invades liver and/or other adjacent organs; ♦=T4 Tumour invades main portal vein or hepatic artery or multiple extrahepatic organs.
ɸ= N0-No regional lymph node metastasis;ǂ=N1- Metastases to one or three regional lymph nodes;
ɝ=M0-No distant metastasis;ɚ=M1-Distant metastasis
References
- ↑ Jones MW, Ferguson T. PMID 29262051. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Kanthan R, Senger JL, Ahmed S, Kanthan SC (2015). "Gallbladder Cancer in the 21st Century". J Oncol. 2015: 967472. doi:10.1155/2015/967472. PMC 4569807. PMID 26421012.
- ↑ Fong Y, Wagman L, Gonen M, Crawford J, Reed W, Swanson R, Pan C, Ritchey J, Stewart A, Choti M (2006). "Evidence-based gallbladder cancer staging: changing cancer staging by analysis of data from the National Cancer Database". Ann. Surg. 243 (6): 767–71, discussion 771–4. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000219737.81943.4e. PMC 1570569. PMID 16772780.
- ↑ Shindoh J, de Aretxabala X, Aloia TA, Roa JC, Roa I, Zimmitti G, Javle M, Conrad C, Maru DM, Aoki T, Vigano L, Ribero D, Kokudo N, Capussotti L, Vauthey JN (2015). "Tumor location is a strong predictor of tumor progression and survival in T2 gallbladder cancer: an international multicenter study". Ann. Surg. 261 (4): 733–9. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000000728. PMC 4800978. PMID 24854451.
- ↑ Liu GJ, Li XH, Chen YX, Sun HD, Zhao GM, Hu SY (2013). "Radical lymph node dissection and assessment: Impact on gallbladder cancer prognosis". World J. Gastroenterol. 19 (31): 5150–8. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5150. PMC 3746389. PMID 23964151.