Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

(Redirected from Endless loop tachycardia)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

WikiDoc Resources for Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Articles

Most recent articles on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Most cited articles on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Review articles on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Articles on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Images of Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Photos of Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Podcasts & MP3s on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Videos on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Bandolier on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

TRIP on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Clinical Trials on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

NICE Guidance on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

CDC on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Books

Books on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

News

Pacemaker mediated tachycardia in the news

Be alerted to news on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

News trends on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Commentary

Blogs on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Definitions

Definitions of Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Discussion groups on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Patient Handouts on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Directions to Hospitals Treating Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Causes & Risk Factors for Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Diagnostic studies for Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Treatment of Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

International

Pacemaker mediated tachycardia en Espanol

Pacemaker mediated tachycardia en Francais

Business

Pacemaker mediated tachycardia in the Marketplace

Patents on Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Pacemaker mediated tachycardia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: PMT, endless loop tachycardia,

Overview

Pacemaker mediated tachycardia is a condition in which an artificial implanted pacemaker stimulates the the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart) to beat at rates that are inappropriately fast.

Pathophysiology

Pacemaker mediated tachycardia is a form of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. In PMT, the artificial pacemaker forms the anterograde (atrium to ventricle) limb of the circuit and the atrioventricular (AV) node forms the retrograde limb (ventricle to atrium) of the circuit.

Causes

  • The rate response setting of the pacemaker is set too sensitive
  • Tracking of noise in the atrium as can occur with electromagnetic interference
  • The electrical activity or myopotentials from the chest wall muscles may stimulate the pacer
  • The electrocautery device in the operating room may generate electromechanical signals that may be oversensed by the pacemaker

Differential Diagnosis

Disorders from which pacemaker mediated tachycardia must be differentiated include:

  • Tracking an atrial tachyarrhythmia by the dual chamber pacemaker
  • Runaway pacemaker syndrome in which the pacemaker fires at a rate of nearly 2000 bpm
  • Sensor induced tachycardia in which case the pacemaker fires at a rate of nearly 160-180 bpm in response to electrocautery, noise, vibration, limb movement or other stimuli.

Diagnosis

Symptoms

The majority of patients are asymptomatic. Some patients may complain of the following:

Physical Examination

Vital Signs

Neck

Chest

  • The pacemaker is present

Electrocardiogram

There is a ventricular-paced rhythm at or near the upper rate limit at approximately 120-130 beats per minute. given the mechanical nature of the trigger, the EKG is absolutely regular.

Shown below is a rhythm strip demonstrating pacemaker mediated tachycardia:

Treatment

The pacemaker can be turned off by placing a magnet over it. The treatment of PMT typically involves reprogramming the pacemaker.

References

Template:WH Template:WS