Dilated cardiomyopathy causes

	Dilated cardiomyopathy Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Classification
Causes
Differentiating Dilated cardiomyopathy from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Dilated cardiomyopathy causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Dilated cardiomyopathy causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Dilated cardiomyopathy causes
CDC on Dilated cardiomyopathy causes
Dilated cardiomyopathy causes in the news
Blogs on Dilated cardiomyopathy causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Dilated cardiomyopathy
Risk calculators and risk factors for Dilated cardiomyopathy causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sachin Shah, M.D. Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

There are many causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. The most common cause is idiopathic in 50% of cases. The next most common cause is myocarditis which is responsible for 10% of cases. The high percentage of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy may be related to the difficulty in diagnosing viral myocarditis. Other common causes include substance abuse, connective tissue disease, pregnancy, medications, nutritional deficiencies, infiltrative diseases and toxins. There are varying degrees of severity of the disease. Some forms are reversible and some are irreversible; some patients may be completely asymptomatic and some may require cardiac transplantation.

Causes

There are several recorded causes for dilated cardiomyopathy. ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Alstrom syndrome, amyloidosis, Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, coronary artery disease, endocardial fibroelastosis, eosinophilic cardiomyopathy, hemochromatosis, hypersensitivity myocarditis, hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, Kawasaki disease, myocarditis, myxoma, peripartum cardiomyopathy, rheumatic fever, Salih myopathy, tachycardia, x-linked dilated cardiomyopathy
Chemical/Poisoning	Beryllium, carbon monoxide poisoning, cobalt, heavy metals, lead, mercury, toxins
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, dermatomyositis, familial cutaneous collagenoma, scleroderma
Drug Side Effect	Adriamycin, amphetamines, anthracyclines, antiretroviral drugs, bleomycin, certolizumab pegol,chemotherapeutic agents, chloroquine, clozapine, cyclophosphamide , didanosine, disopyramide, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, imatinib mesylate, lithium , methysergide, mitoxantrone, paracetamol, peplomycin, phenothiazines, tacrolimus, trastuzumab, zalcitabine, zidovudine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Acromegaly, amyloidosis, Cushing's syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hemochromatosis, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, myxedema, pheochromocytoma, pituitary tumor
Environmental	Heat stroke
Gastroenterologic	Hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, Whipple's disease
Genetic	Alstrom syndrome, Barth syndrome, Becker muscular dystrophy, desmin-related myopathy, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, X-linked, Erb dystrophy, Fabry's disease, familial cutaneous collagenoma, Friedreich's ataxia, hemochromatosis, Laing distal myopathy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome, McLeod phenotype, Naxos disease, Salih myopathy
Hematologic	Hemochromatosis, McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome, McLeod phenotype
Iatrogenic	Radiation
Infectious Disease	Adenovirus, brucellosis, Chagas disease, Coxsackie virus, cryptococcosis, cytomegalovirus, diphtheria, echovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis, histoplasmosis, HIV infection, influenza virus, leptospirosis, Loa loa, Lyme disease, myocarditis, parvovirus, psittacosis, rheumatic fever, schistosomiasis, syphillis, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, trypanosomiasis, typhoid fever, varicella
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Becker muscular dystrophy, desmin-related myopathy, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, X-linked, Erb dystrophy, hemochromatosis, Laing distal myopathy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, Salih myopathy
Neurologic	Friedreich's ataxia, giant cell arteritis, Refsum's disease, sleep apnea
Nutritional/Metabolic	Beriberi, carnitine, Fabry's disease, glycogenosis type 2b, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, niacin, nutritional deficiencies, pellagra, Refsum's disease, selenium deficiency, thiamine, triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Childbirth, pregnancy
Oncologic	Myxoma, pheochromocytoma, pituitary tumor
Ophthalmologic	Giant cell arteritis
Overdose/Toxicity	Alcohol abuse, cocaine, ethanol, substance abuse
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Sarcoidosis
Renal/Electrolyte	Uremia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Amyloidosis, connective tissue disease, dermatomyositis, giant cell arteritis, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, serum sickness, systemic lupus erythematosis, transplant rejection
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Electric shock
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Heat stroke, hypothermia , idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Felker GM, Thompson RE, et al. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000 Apr 13;342(14):1077-84.
↑ Japp AG, Gulati A, Cook SA, Cowie MR, Prasad SK (2016) The Diagnosis and Evaluation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 67 (25):2996-3010. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.590 PMID: 27339497
↑ Baris L, Cornette J, Johnson MR, Sliwa K, Roos-Hesselink JW (2019). "Peripartum cardiomyopathy: disease or syndrome?". Heart. 105 (5): 357–362. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314252. PMC 6613742 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 31693481.
↑ Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P (2017). "Dilated cardiomyopathy". Lancet. 390 (10092): 400–414. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31713-5. PMID 28190577.
↑ Favalli V, Serio A, Grasso M, Arbustini E (2016). "Genetic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy". Heart. 102 (24): 2004–2014. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308190. PMID 27634407.

Template:WH Template:WS

[1] Felker GM, Thompson RE, et al. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000 Apr 13;342(14):1077-84.

[pmid27339497-2] Japp AG, Gulati A, Cook SA, Cowie MR, Prasad SK (2016) The Diagnosis and Evaluation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 67 (25):2996-3010. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.590 PMID: 27339497

[pmid31693481-3] Baris L, Cornette J, Johnson MR, Sliwa K, Roos-Hesselink JW (2019). "Peripartum cardiomyopathy: disease or syndrome?". Heart. 105 (5): 357–362. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314252. PMC 6613742 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 31693481.

[pmid28190577-4] Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P (2017). "Dilated cardiomyopathy". Lancet. 390 (10092): 400–414. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31713-5. PMID 28190577.

[pmid27634407-5] Favalli V, Serio A, Grasso M, Arbustini E (2016). "Genetic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy". Heart. 102 (24): 2004–2014. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308190. PMID 27634407.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]