Differentiating Diabetes mellitus type 2 from other diseases

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]

Overview

Type 2 diabetes mellitus must be differentiated from other disorders that may present with polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss or weight gain. Such disorders may include other forms of diabetes mellitus (e.g. type 1 DM, MODY), other endocrine disorders (e.g. hypothyroidism, cushing's syndrome, wolfram syndrome, alstrom syndrome) or drug-related disorders.

Differentiating Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 from other Diseases

Disease History and symptoms Laboratory findings Additional findings
Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia Weight loss Weight gain Serum glucose Urinary Glucose Urine PH Serum Sodium Urinary Glucose 24 hrs cortisol level C-peptide level Serum glucagon
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus + + + + - Normal Normal N/ Normal Normal Auto-antibodies present (Anti GAD-65 and anti insulin antibodies)
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus + + + + - Normal Normal Normal Normal Acanthosis nigricans
MODY + + + - + Normal Normal Normal Normal N -
Psychogenic polydipsia + + - - - Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal -
Diabetes insipidus + + - - - Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal -
Transient hyperglycemia - - - - - Normal Normal Normal Normal N/ In hospitalized patients especially in ICU and CCU
Steroid therapy + - - - + Normal Normal N/ N/ Acanthosis nigricans,
RTA 1 - - - + - Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Hypokalemia, nephrolithiasis
Glucagonoma - - - - - Normal Normal Normal - Normal Normal Necrolytic migratory erythema
Cushing syndrome - - - - + - Normal N/ Normal Normal Moon face, obesity, buffalo hump, easy bruisibility

References

  1. Barrett TG (2007). "Differential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: which genetic syndromes need to be considered?". Pediatr Diabetes. 8 Suppl 6: 15–23. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00278.x. PMID 17727381.
  2. Type 1 Diabetes mellitus "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on December 27th,2016
  3. "namrata".

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