Chloroflexi

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Chloroflexi
Image:Chlorofl.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Eubacteria
Division: Chloroflexi
Class: Chloroflexi
Orders / Families / Genera

Order Chloroflexales
    Family Chloroflexaceae
     Chloroflexus
     Chloronema
     Heliothrix
     Roseiflexus
   Family Oscillochloridaceae
     Oscillochloris
Order Herpetosiphonales
     Herpetosiphon
Order Dehalococcoidetes
      Dehalococcoides

Synonyms
  • Chloroflexi Garrity and Holt 2001 emend. Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt 2004
  • green non-sulfur bacteria
  • green nonsulfur bacteria

In taxonomy, the Chloroflexi (also known as green nonsulfur bacteria) are a phylum of the Bacteria.[1]

The Chloroflexi are a group of bacteria that produce energy through photosynthesis. They make up the bulk of the filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (formerly known as green non-sulfur bacteria), though some are classified separately as the Thermomicrobia. They are named for their green pigment, usually found in photosynthetic bodies called chlorosomes.

Chloroflexi are typically filamentous, and can move about through bacterial gliding. They are facultatively aerobic, but do not produce oxygen during photosynthesis, and have a different method of carbon fixation (photoheterotrophy) than other photosynthetic bacteria. Phylogenetic trees indicate that they had a separate origin.

Contents

References

  1. ↑ See the NCBI webpage on Chloroflexi. Data extracted from the NCBI taxonomy resources. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved on 2007-03-19.

Further reading

Scientific journals

  • Hugenholtz P, Stackebrandt E (2004). "Reclassification of Sphaerobacter thermophilus from the subclass Sphaerobacteridae in the phylum Actinobacteria to the class Thermomicrobia (emended description) in the phylum Chloroflexi (emended description)". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54: 2049–2051. PMID 15545432.
  • Stackebrandt E, Frederiksen W, Garrity GM, Grimont PA, Kampfer P, Maiden MC, Nesme X, Rossello-Mora R, Swings J, Truper HG, Vauterin L, Ward AC, Whitman WB (2002). "Report of the ad hoc committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52: 1043–1047. PMID 12054223.
  • Christensen H, Bisgaard M, Frederiksen W, Mutters R, Kuhnert P, Olsen JE (2001). "Is characterization of a single isolate sufficient for valid publication of a new genus or species? Proposal to modify recommendation 30b of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51: 2221–2225. PMID 11760965.
  • Gurtler V, Mayall BC (2001). "Genomic approaches to typing, taxonomy and evolution of bacterial isolates". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51: 3–16. PMID 11211268.
  • Dalevi D, Hugenholtz P, Blackall LL (2001). "A multiple-outgroup approach to resolving division-level phylogenetic relationships using 16S rDNA data". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51: 385–391. PMID 11321083.
  • Keswani J, Whitman WB (2001). "Relationship of 16S rRNA sequence similarity to DNA hybridization in prokaryotes". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51: 667–678. PMID 11321113.
  • Young, JM (2001). "Implications of alternative classifications and horizontal gene transfer for bacterial taxonomy". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51: 945–953. PMID 11411719.
  • Christensen H, Angen O, Mutters R, Olsen JE, Bisgaard M (2000). "DNA-DNA hybridization determined in micro-wells using covalent attachment of DNA". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50: 1095–1102. PMID 10843050.
  • Xu HX, Kawamura Y, Li N, Zhao L, Li TM, Li ZY, Shu S, Ezaki T (2000). "A rapid method for determining the G+C content of bacterial chromosomes by monitoring fluorescence intensity during DNA denaturation in a capillary tube". Int. J. Syst.Evol. Microbiol. 50: 1463–1469. PMID 10939651.
  • Young, JM (2000). "Suggestions for avoiding on-going confusion from the Bacteriological Code". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50: 1687–1689. PMID 10939677.
  • Hansmann S, Martin W (2000). "Phylogeny of 33 ribosomal and six other proteins encoded in an ancient gene cluster that is conserved across prokaryotic genomes: influence of excluding poorly alignable sites from analysis". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50: 1655–1663. PMID 10939673.
  • Tindall, BJ (1999). "Proposal to change the Rule governing the designation of type strains deposited under culture collection numbers allocated for patent purposes". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49: 1317–1319. PMID 10490293.
  • Tindall, BJ (1999). "Proposal to change Rule 18a, Rule 18f and Rule 30 to limit the retroactive consequences of changes accepted by the ICSB". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49: 1321–1322. PMID 10425797.
  • Tindall, BJ (1999). "Misunderstanding the Bacteriological Code". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49: 1313–1316. PMID 10425796.
  • Tindall, BJ (1999). "Proposals to update and make changes to the Bacteriological Code". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49: 1309–1312. PMID 10425795.
  • Truper, HG (1999). "How to name a prokaryote? Etymological considerations, proposals and practical advice in prokaryote nomenclature". FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 23: 231–249. PMID 8897428.
  • Palys T, Nakamura LK, Cohan FM (1997). "Discovery and classification of ecological diversity in the bacterial world: the role of DNA sequence data". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47: 1145–1156. PMID 9336922.
  • Euzeby, JP (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47: 590–592. PMID 9103655.
  • Clayton RA, Sutton G, Hinkle PS Jr Bult C, Fields C (1995). "Intraspecific variation in small-subunit rRNA sequences in GenBank: why single sequences may not adequately represent prokaryotic taxa". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45: 595–599. PMID 8590690.
  • Moore LV, Bourne DM, Moore WE (1994). "Comparative distribution and taxonomic value of cellular fatty acids in thirty-three genera of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44: 338–347. PMID 8186100.
  • Viale AM, Arakaki AK, Soncini FC, Ferreyra RG (1994). "Evolutionary relationships among eubacterial groups as inferred from GroEL (chaperonin) sequence comparisons". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44: 527–533. PMID 7520741.
  • Murray RG, Schleifer KH (1994). "Taxonomic notes: a proposal for recording the properties of putative taxa of procaryotes". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44: 174–176. PMID 8123559.
  • Winker S, Woese CR (1991). "A definition of the domains Archaea, Bacteria and Eucarya in terms of small subunit ribosomal RNA characteristics". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 14: 305–310. PMID 11540071.
  • Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 4576–4579. PMID 2112744.
  • Achenbach-Richter L, Gupta R, Stetter KO, Woese CR (1987). "Were the original eubacteria thermophiles". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 9: 34–39. PMID 11542087.
  • Woese CR, Stackebrandt E, Macke TJ, Fox GE (1985). "A phylogenetic definition of the major eubacterial taxa". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 6: 143–151. PMID 11542017.
  • Woese CR, Fox GE (1977). "Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 5088–5090. PMID 270744.

Scientific books

  • Garrity GM, Holt JG (2001). "Phylum BVI. Chloroflexi phy. nov", Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria, 2nd ed., New York: Springer Verlag, p. 169. ISBN 978-0387987712. 
  • Garrity GM, Holt JG (2001). "Phylum BVII. Thermomicrobia phy. nov", Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria, 2nd ed., New York: Springer Verlag, p. 169. ISBN 978-0387987712. 

Scientific databases

Template:Taxonomic references

External links

Template:Taxonomic linksde:Grüne Nichtschwefelbakterienga:Chloroflexi id:Chloroflexino:Chloroflexiuk:Chloroflexi


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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .

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