Chlamydia infection differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]

Overview

Chlamydia infection must be differentiated from other genital tract infections such as gonorrhea infection, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma infection, and syphilis.[1]

Differentiating Chlamydia Infection from other diseases

Chlamydia infection must be differentiated from other genital tract infections such as:[1]

Chlamydia pneumopnia must be differentiated from other diseases that cause atypical pneumonia such as Q fever and legionella pneumonia:

Disease Prominent clinical features Lab findings Chest X-ray
Q fever
  • Antibody detection using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) is the preferred method for diagnosis.
  • PCR can be used if IIF is negative, or very early once disease is suspected.
  • C. burnetii does not grow on ordinary blood cultures, but can be cultivated on special media such as embryonated eggs or cell culture.
  • A two-to-three fold increase in AST and ALT is seen in most patients.
Q fever pneumonia - - Case courtesy of Royal Melbourne Hospital Respiratory, Radiopaedia.org, rID 21993
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia - Case courtesy of Dr Alborz Jahangiri, Radiopaedia.org, rID 45781
Legionellosis
Legionella pneumonia - Case courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe, Radiopaedia.org, rID 31816
Chlamydia pneumonia
Chlamydia-pneumonia - Case courtesy of Dr Andrew Dixon, Radiopaedia.org, rID 14567

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Genital Tract Chlamydia infection. BMJ. http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/52/diagnosis/differential.html. Accessed on December 27, 2015
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Irfan M, Farooqi J, Hasan R (2013). "Community-acquired pneumonia". Curr Opin Pulm Med. 19 (3): 198–208. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e32835f1d12. PMID 23422417.


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