Bejel overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Bejel is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by a subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum.
Causes
Although the organism that causes bejel, Treponema pallidum endemicum, is morphologically and serologicallyindistinguishable from Treponema pallidum pallidum, which causes venereal syphilis, transmission of bejel is not venereal in nature, generally resulting from mouth-to-mouth contact or sharing of domestic utensils, and the courses of the two diseases are somewhat different.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Regions and countries endemic for Treponema pallidum subspecies[1]
Screening
Because the diseases caused by T. pallidum subsp. pertenue, T. pallidum subsp. endemicum, and T. carateum (i.e.,yaws, bejel/endemic syphilis, andpinta, respectively) usually occur during childhood, the CDC recommends that all refugee children from areas where treponemes are known to be endemicundergo nontreponemal serologic testing at the initial health screening.[2] If the screening test is positive, a treponemal confirmatory test should be performed.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Bejel usually begins in childhood as a small mucous patch, often on the interior of the mouth, followed by the appearance of raised, eroding lesions on the limbs and trunk. Periostitis (inflammation) of the leg bones is commonly seen, and gummas of the nose and soft palate develop in later stages.
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Bejel is treatable with penicillin or other antibiotics, and with treatment a complete recovery is expected.
References
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/guidelines/domestic/sexually-transmitted-diseases.html#top
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Notice to readers: Recommendations regarding screening of refugee children for treponemal infection. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005;54(37):933-934.