Antiphospholipid syndrome laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is tested for in the laboratory by both liquid phase coagulation assays (lupus anticoagulant) and solid phase ELISA assays (anti-cardiolipin antibodies). Antibodies found in the plasma os patients with APS are lupus anticoagulant, anticariolipin (aCL), beta-2 glycoprotein I, anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies, anti-prothrombin antibodies. The criteria for testing antiphospholipid antibodies in the plasma is postivity on 2 or more occasion at least 12 weeks apart.

Laboratory Findings

The following antibodies are found in the plasma of patients with APS:[1][2][3][4]

Laboratory Findings (Antibodies)
  • Lupus anticoagulant
  • IgA anticariolipin (aCL)
  • IgA beta-2 glycoprotein I

Criteria for testing Antiphospholipid antibodies:

  • Presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) in plasma on two or more occasions minimum 12 weeks apart.
  • Presence of moderate to high levels of anticardiolipin (aCL) (IgG or IgM) in serum or plasma on two or more occasions minimum 12 weeks apart.
  • Presence of moderate to high levels of anti–beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies (IgG or IgM) in plasma or serum on two or more occasions minimum 12 weeks apart.
Common Laboratory findings

References

  1. Giannakopoulos B, Passam F, Ioannou Y, Krilis SA (2009). "How we diagnose the antiphospholipid syndrome". Blood. 113 (5): 985–94. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-12-129627. PMID 18755986.
  2. Galli M (2008). "Clinical utility of laboratory tests used to identify antiphospholipid antibodies and to diagnose the antiphospholipid syndrome". Semin Thromb Hemost. 34 (4): 329–34. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1085474. PMID 18814065.
  3. Li R, Daguzan M, Vandermijnsbrugge F, Gyling M, Cantinieaux B (2014). "Both IgG and IgM anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies assays are clinically useful to the antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis". Acta Clin Belg. 69 (6): 433–8. doi:10.1179/2295333714Y.0000000060. PMID 25103595.
  4. Musial J, Swadzba J, Motyl A, Iwaniec T (2003). "Clinical significance of antiphospholipid protein antibodies. Receiver operating characteristics plot analysis". J Rheumatol. 30 (4): 723–30. PMID 12672190.

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