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https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307260
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T20:33:12Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige|[[Celiac disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac sprue]], [[cystic fibrosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]], [[bronchial carcinoma]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[lung cancer]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[POEMS syndrome]], [[Stomach cancer]]<br />
[[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307259
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T20:32:13Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige|[[Celiac disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac sprue]], [[cystic fibrosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]], [[bronchial carcinoma]],[[[[Hodgkin's disease]], [[lung cancer]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[POEMS syndrome]], [[Stomach cancer]]<br />
[[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307257
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T20:10:36Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige|[[Celiac disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac sprue]], [[cystic fibrosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]], [[bronchial carcinoma]],[[[[Hodgkin's disease]], [[lung cancer]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[POEMS syndrome]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307256
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T20:00:13Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige|[[Celiac disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac sprue]], [[cystic fibrosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]] [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307255
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T19:55:38Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige|[[Celiac disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac sprue]], [[cystic fibrosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]] [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307254
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T19:38:25Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige|[[Celiac disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|No underlying causes <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]] [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307253
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T19:35:59Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige|[[Celiac disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]] [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307252
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T19:35:34Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige|[[Celiac disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]] [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307251
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T19:32:48Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige|[[Celiac disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]] [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307250
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T19:15:09Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]] [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[mesothelioma]], [[melanoma|metastatic melanoma]], [[myelofibrosis ]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[thyroid cancer]], [[thymus cancer]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307248
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T19:09:47Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[transposition of great vessels]], and [[tricuspid atresia]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307247
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T19:07:30Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Life threatening causes of clubbing include [[Lung cancer]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], and [[transposition of great vessels]]. Other common causes of clubbing are [[bronchiectasis]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[cirrhosis]], and [[empyema]].<br />
<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307242
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T19:00:54Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Life Threatening Causes */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
*[[Aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]<br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307234
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T18:43:56Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Common Causes */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Empyema]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]]<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307231
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T18:25:45Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307230
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T18:21:32Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307229
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T18:20:53Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome, <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1307228
Clubbing causes
2017-04-16T18:18:54Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome, [[Senna]] <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306084
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T20:42:33Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306083
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T20:42:01Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary hypertension |pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[Lymphoma|pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B[|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[Pulmonary surfactant|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B|pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306082
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T20:34:37Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Interstitial fibrosis |familial interstitial fibrosis]], [[pulmonary arterial hypertension |familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],[[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], [[Interstitial lung disease |interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumor]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Granuloma|pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency of]], [[pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[suppurative lung disease]], [[surfactant metabolism dysfunction]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306081
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T20:23:30Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|*[[Asbestosis]], [[Asthma|asthma complicated by infection]], [[berylliosis]],[[bronchial carcinoma]],[[bronchiecstasis]], [[bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]],[[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]],[[cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],<br />
[[cystic fibrosis]], [[emphysema]],[[empyema]],[[extrathoracic disease]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[familial interstitial fibrosis]], <br />
[[familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Hamman-rich syndrome]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], [[hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], [[idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], [[interstitial fibrosis]], [[interstitial lung disease]],[[interstitial pneumonitis]], <br />
[[interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[lipoid pneumonia]],[[lung cancer]], [[Marie-bamberg syndrome]],[[pancoast tumors]], [[pleural fibroma]], [[pleural mesothelioma]],[[polyarteritis nodosa]],[[primary pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sarcoma]],[[pulmonary artery sclerosis]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[pulmonary granuloma]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], <br />
[[pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], [[pulmonary lymphoma]], [[pulmonary metastases]], [[pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency of]], [[pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], [[silicosis]], [[suppurative lung disease]], [[surfactant metabolism dysfunction]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox_kiran2&diff=1306080
Sandbox kiran2
2017-04-09T20:05:46Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
Causes of clubbing<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart cancer]] <br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
*[[Asbestosis]], <br />
*[[Asthma complicated by infection]], <br />
*[[Berylliosis]], <br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]], <br />
*[[Bronchiecstasis]], <br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]], <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]], <br />
*[[Chronic hypoxia]], <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ]], <br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]],<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]], <br />
*[[Emphysema]], <br />
*[[Empyema]],<br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]], <br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], <br />
*[[Familial interstitial fibrosis]], <br />
*[[Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]], <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]], <br />
*[[Hamman-rich syndrome]], <br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]], <br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], <br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]], <br />
*[[Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]], <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]], <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension ]], <br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis]], <br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease]], <br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]], <br />
*[[Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], <br />
*[[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
*[[lung cancer]], <br />
*[[Marie-bamberg syndrome]], <br />
*[[Pancoast tumors]], <br />
*[[Pleural fibroma]], <br />
*[[Pleural mesothelioma]], <br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]], <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary abscess]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]],<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary granuloma]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary lymphoma]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant protein b, deficiency of]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]], <br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]], <br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]],<br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]], <br />
*[[Silicosis]], <br />
*[[Suppurative lung disease]], <br />
*[[Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]],</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306079
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T19:41:11Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306078
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T19:40:21Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[Patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306077
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T19:38:57Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[Patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306076
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T19:35:08Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[arteriovenous malformations]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cerebrovascular insult]], [[hypoxia|chronic hypoxia]], [[Common ventricle]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[Patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary hypertension|pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|right-to-left shunting]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[truncus arteriosus]], [[pulmonic stenosis]] [[heart cancer]], [[ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306074
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T19:22:42Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[ Aneurysm]], [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Arteriovenous fistula]], [[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Atrial septal defect]], [[Cerebrovascular insult]],[[Chronic hypoxia]], [[Common ventricle]], [[Congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Conotruncal heart malformations]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[ erythromelalgia ]], [[Patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[Taussig bing syndrome]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] [[Heart cancer]], [[Ventricular septal defect]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306073
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T19:01:46Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]]. <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1306072
Clubbing causes
2017-04-09T18:58:36Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alpha heavy chain disease]], [[celiac sprue]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Fischer syndrome]], [[Graves disease]], [[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]], [[lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]], [[polyarteritis nodosa]], [[sarcoidosis]] <br />
No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1295923
Clubbing causes
2017-02-26T02:09:14Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[dexfenfluramine]], [[fenfluramine]], [[Interferon gamma]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1295922
Clubbing causes
2017-02-26T02:02:22Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia|Ammonia inhalation]], [[chlorine|chlorine inhalation]], [[Diacetyl|diacetyl inhalation]], [[Hydrogen bromide |hydrogen bromide inhalation]], [[Hydrogen chloride |hydrogen chloride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen fluoride |hydrogen fluoride inhalation]], [[Hydrogen sulfide |hydrogen sulfide inhalation]], [[Methyl isocyanate |methyl isocyanate inhalation]], [[Nitrogen oxide |nitrogen oxide inhalation]], [[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]], [[Phosgene|phosgene inhalation]], [[Polyamide|polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]], [[Sulfur dioxide |sulfur dioxide inhalation]], [[Thionyl chloride |thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1295921
Clubbing causes
2017-02-26T01:42:31Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1295920
Clubbing causes
2017-02-26T01:41:11Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]], Shell nail syndrome <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1295919
Clubbing causes
2017-02-26T01:39:11Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]], [[hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1295918
Clubbing causes
2017-02-26T01:29:16Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Arteriovenous malformations]], [[arteriovenous shunts]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|congenital cardiovascular malformations]], [[Cyanotic heart disease|congenital cyanotic heart disease]], [[Congenital heart disease|conotruncal heart malformations]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[crohn's disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Situs inversus |dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]], [[Ebstein's anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1295917
Clubbing causes
2017-02-26T01:04:03Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Congenital heart disease]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sprue]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]], [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]], [[pachydermoperiostosis]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1294622
Clubbing causes
2017-02-19T00:25:58Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Obstructive jaundice |chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[Liver Cancer |liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sprue]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1294621
Clubbing causes
2017-02-19T00:22:52Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia]],[[celiac sprue]], [[Chronic liver disease]], [[Chronic obstructive jaundice]], [[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Crohn disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[gastrointestinal neoplasms]], [[hepatoma]], [[hepatopulmonary syndrome]], [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], <br />
[[Leiomyoma|Leiomyoma of the esophagus]], [[liver tumors]], [[malabsorption]], [[oesophageal cancer]], [[Peutz-jeghers syndrome]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[small bowel lymphoma]], [[stomach cancer]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Whipple disease]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sprue]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1294620
Clubbing causes
2017-02-19T00:03:58Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn disease]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Cirrhosis]] of the liver, [[Leiomyoma]] of the esophagus, [[Achalasia]], and [[Peptic ulcer]] of the esophagus, [[Celiac sprue]], [[Hepatoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sprue]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspergillosis]], [[empyema]], [[Infective endocarditis]], [[lymphadenitis]], [[pulmonary abscess]], [[pulmonary tuberculosis]], [[subacute bacterial endocarditis]], [[tuberculosis]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1294619
Clubbing causes
2017-02-18T23:55:44Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[POEMS syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn disease]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Cirrhosis]] of the liver, [[Leiomyoma]] of the esophagus, [[Achalasia]], and [[Peptic ulcer]] of the esophagus, [[Celiac sprue]], [[Hepatoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sprue]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tuberculosis]], [[Empyema]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1294618
Clubbing causes
2017-02-18T23:54:53Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Graves disease]], [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]], [[Poems syndrome]] <br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn disease]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Cirrhosis]] of the liver, [[Leiomyoma]] of the esophagus, [[Achalasia]], and [[Peptic ulcer]] of the esophagus, [[Celiac sprue]], [[Hepatoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sprue]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tuberculosis]], [[Empyema]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1294617
Clubbing causes
2017-02-18T23:48:23Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes by Organ System */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]]<br />
<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn disease]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Cirrhosis]] of the liver, [[Leiomyoma]] of the esophagus, [[Achalasia]], and [[Peptic ulcer]] of the esophagus, [[Celiac sprue]], [[Hepatoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Sprue]], [[Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tuberculosis]], [[Empyema]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1294616
Clubbing causes
2017-02-18T23:42:08Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]]<br />
<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn disease]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Cirrhosis]] of the liver, [[Leiomyoma]] of the esophagus, [[Achalasia]], and [[Peptic ulcer]] of the esophagus, [[Celiac sprue]], [[Hepatoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tuberculosis]], [[Empyema]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]]<br />
*[[Cardiac tumor]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Clubbing_causes&diff=1294615
Clubbing causes
2017-02-18T23:40:02Z
<p>Kiran Singh: /* Causes in Alphabetical Order */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{Clubbing}}<br />
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
==Causes==<br />
===Life Threatening Causes===<br />
<br />
===Common Causes===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Causes by Organ System ===<br />
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''<br />
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left shunting]], [[Bacterial endocarditis]], [[Tetralogy of fallot]], [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[Transposition of the great vessels]], [[Tricuspid atresia]], [[Truncus arteriosus]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]]s , [[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Dermatologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Drug Side Effect'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Interferon gamma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Endocrine'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyrotoxicosis]]<br />
<br />
|- <br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Environmental'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]], [[Silicosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Gastroenterologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn disease]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Cirrhosis]] of the liver, [[Leiomyoma]] of the esophagus, [[Achalasia]], and [[Peptic ulcer]] of the esophagus, [[Celiac sprue]], [[Hepatoma]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Genetic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Hematologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Iatrogenic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Infectious Disease'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Tuberculosis]], [[Empyema]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Neurologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Oncologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thymus cancer]], [[Hodgkin's disease]], [[POEMS syndrome]], [[Metastatic]] [[melanoma]], [[Mesothelioma]], [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]], [[Myelofibrosis]], [[Atrial myxoma]], <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Opthalmologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Psychiatric'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Pulmonary'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Sarcoidosis]],[[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Empyema]], [[Pleural mesothelioma]], [[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]], [[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]], [[Pulmonary metastasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]] <br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Sexual'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Trauma'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Urologic'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes<br />
|-<br />
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"<br />
| '''Miscellaneous'''<br />
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===<br />
{{columns-list|3|<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart cancer]] <br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WS}}</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox_kiran2&diff=1294614
Sandbox kiran2
2017-02-18T23:37:16Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
Causes of clubbing<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Celiac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart cancer]] <br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox_kiran2&diff=1289556
Sandbox kiran2
2017-02-05T21:26:29Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
Causes of clubbing<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis of liver]] <br />
*[[Coeliac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic congenital heart disease]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic congenital heart disease]] <br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart cancer]] <br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung and pleural cancer]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxoid tumor]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary abscess]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis|Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, congenital]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Suppurative lung disease]]<br />
*[[Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Kindler_syndrome&diff=1289555
Kindler syndrome
2017-02-05T21:17:58Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{CMG}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Kindler syndrome''' (also known as "Bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma of Kindler and Weary, "Congenital poikiloderma with blisters and keratosis,"Congenital poikiloderma with bullae and progressive cutaneous atrophy,"Hereditary acrokeratotic poikiloderma, "Hyperkeratosis–hyperpigmentation syndrome,"Acrokeratotic poikiloderma," and "Weary–Kindler syndrome,''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin) is a [[rare disease|rare]] [[Congenital disorder|congenital disease]] of the skin caused by a mutation in the [[KIND1]] gene. Infants and young children with Kindler syndrome have a tendency to blister with minor trauma and are prone to sunburns. As individuals with Kindler syndrome age, they tend to have fewer problems with blistering and photosensitivity. However, pigment changes and thinning of the skin become more prominent.<br />
<br />
Kindler syndrome is an [[recessive gene|autosomal recessive]] [[genodermatosis]]. The KIND1 gene mutated in Kindler syndrome codes for the protein [[kindlin-1]], which is thought to be active in the interactions between [[actin]] and the [[extracellular matrix]].<ref>Siegel DH, Ashton GH, Penagos HG, Lee JV, Feiler HS, Wilhelmsen KC, South AP, Smith FJ, Prescott AR, Wessagowit V, Oyama N, Akiyama M, Al Aboud D, Al Aboud K, Al Githami A, Al Hawsawi K, Al Ismaily A, Al-Suwaid R, Atherton DJ, Caputo R, Fine JD, Frieden IJ, Fuchs E, Haber RM, Harada T, Kitajima Y, Mallory SB, Ogawa H, Sahin S, Shimizu H, Suga Y, Tadini G, Tsuchiya K, Wiebe CB, Wojnarowska F, Zaghloul AB, Hamada T, Mallipeddi R, Eady RA, McLean WH, McGrath JA, Epstein EH. ''Loss of kindlin-1, a human homolog of the Caenorhabditis elegans actin-extracellular-matrix linker protein UNC-112, causes Kindler syndrome.'' Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Jul;73(1):174-87. Epub 2003 Jun 3. PMID 12789646</ref> Kindler syndrome was first described in 1954 by Theresa Kindler.<ref>Kindler, T. ''Congenital poikiloderma with traumatic bulla formation and progressive cutaneous atrophy.'' Br J Dermatol. 1954 Mar;66(3):104-11. No abstract available. PMID 13149722</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
*{{OMIM|173650}}<br />
*[http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic943.htm Link to emedicine article on Kindler syndrome]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dermatology]]<br />
[[Category:Rare diseases]]<br />
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]<br />
<br />
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Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox_kiran2&diff=1289554
Sandbox kiran2
2017-02-05T21:13:39Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
Causes of clubbing<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis of liver]] <br />
*[[Coeliac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic congenital heart disease]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic congenital heart disease]] <br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Duodenal atresia tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart cancer]] <br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler syndrome|Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung and pleural cancer]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxoid tumor]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary abscess]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis|Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, congenital]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Suppurative lung disease]]<br />
*[[Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]</div>
Kiran Singh
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox_kiran2&diff=1289553
Sandbox kiran2
2017-02-05T20:57:36Z
<p>Kiran Singh: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
Causes of clubbing<br />
<br />
*[[Aneurysm]] <br />
*[[Erythromelalgia ]] <br />
*[[Achalasia]]<br />
*[[Alpha heavy chain disease]]<br />
*[[Ammonia |Ammonia inhalation]]<br />
*[[Arterial vascular prosthesis infections ]] <br />
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous malformations]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts]] <br />
*[[Asbestos]]<br />
*[[Asbestosis]] <br />
*[[Aspergillosis]]<br />
*[[Asthma|Asthma complicated by infection]] <br />
*[[Atrial myxoma]] <br />
*[[Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)]] <br />
*[[Berylliosis]] <br />
*[[Biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Bindewald-ulmer-muller syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bronchial carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Bronchiectasis]]<br />
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans ]] <br />
*[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]<br />
*[[Cannabis]] <br />
*[[Celiac sprue]] <br />
*[[Cerebrovascular insult]]<br />
*[[Chlorine|Chlorine inhalation]] <br />
*[[hypoxia|Chronic hypoxia]]<br />
*[[Chronic liver disease]]<br />
*[[Obstructive jaundice |Chronic obstructive jaundice]] <br />
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis]]<br />
*[[Cirrhosis of liver]] <br />
*[[Coeliac disease]] <br />
*[[Common ventricle]]<br />
*[[tuberculosis|Complicated tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Congenital]]<br />
*[[Arteriovenous shunts|Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart disease|Congenital cardiovascular malformations]]<br />
*[[Congenital heart defects ]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic heart disease|Congenital cyanotic heart disease]] <br />
*[[Congestive heart failure]]<br />
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]<br />
*[[Cranio osteoarthropathy]]<br />
*[[Crohn's disease]]<br />
*[[Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic congenital heart disease]]<br />
*[[Cyanotic congenital heart disease]] <br />
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Deafness ]]<br />
*[[Dexfenfluramine |Dexfenfluramine-associated]]<br />
*[[Situs inversus |Dextrocardia-bronchiectasis-sinusitis]]<br />
*[[Diacetyl|Diacetyl inhalation]]<br />
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]<br />
*[[Patent Ductus Arteriosus |Ductus arteriosus, patent reversed flow]]<br />
*[[Duodenal atresia tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Ebstein's anomaly]]<br />
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]] <br />
*[[Emphysema]]<br />
*[[Endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Esophageal achalasia]] <br />
*[[Extrathoracic disease]]<br />
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot |Fallot syndrome]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis |Familial interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[pulmonary arterial hypertension |Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]] <br />
*[[Fenfluramine]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]] <br />
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]<br />
*[[Fischer syndrome]] <br />
*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasms]]<br />
*[[Graves disease]] <br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia |Haemorrhagic telangiectasia]]<br />
*[[Hamman-Rich Syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Heart cancer]] <br />
*[[Heart failure]]<br />
*[[Hepatoma]]<br />
*[[Hepatopulmonary syndrome]]<br />
*[[Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia]] <br />
*[[Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]] <br />
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Hydrogen bromide |Hydrogen bromide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen chloride |Hydrogen chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen fluoride |Hydrogen fluoride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hydrogen sulfide |Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy]] <br />
*[[Diffuse interstitial fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis]] <br />
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]<br />
*[[Infective endocarditis]]<br />
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<br />
*[[Interferon gamma]]<br />
*[[Interstitial fibrosis]] <br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease|Interstitial lung disease]]<br />
*[[Interstitial pneumonitis]]<br />
*[[Interstitial lung disease |Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]<br />
*[[Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia ]] <br />
*[[Kindler-weary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma]]<br />
*[[Liver cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Liver Cancer |Liver tumors]]<br />
*[[Lung abscess]] <br />
*[[Lung and pleural cancer]]<br />
*[[Lung cancer]]<br />
*[[Lymphadenitis]]<br />
*[[Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia]]<br />
*[[Malabsorption]] <br />
*[[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy|Marie-bamberg syndrome]]<br />
*[[Mesothelioma]] <br />
*[[Mesothelioma of the pleura]]<br />
*[[Metastatic melanoma]] <br />
*[[Methyl isocyanate |Methyl isocyanate inhalation]]<br />
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Myelofibrosis]]<br />
*[[Myxoid tumor]]<br />
*[[Myxomas]]<br />
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]] <br />
*[[Nitrogen oxide |Nitrogen oxide inhalation]]<br />
*[[Oesophageal cancer]]<br />
*[[Overactive thyroid gland]] <br />
*[[Ozone|Ozone inhalation]] <br />
*[[Pachydermoperiostosis]]<br />
*[[Pancoast tumor ]] <br />
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Peripheral shunt]] <br />
*[[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]<br />
*[[Phosgene|Phosgene inhalation]]<br />
*[[Pleural fibroma ]]<br />
*[[POEMS syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Polyamide|Polyamide-amine dyes inhalation]]<br />
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] <br />
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]] <br />
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary abscess]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis|Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, congenital]] <br />
*[[Aneurysm|Pulmonary arterio-veinous aneurysm]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sarcoma]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary artery sclerosis]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<br />
*[[Granuloma|Pulmonary granuloma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension |Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]<br />
*[[Lymphoma |Pulmonary lymphoma]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary metastases]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B]]<br />
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]] <br />
*[[Pulmonary tuberculosis]]<br />
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]] <br />
*[[Right-to-left shunt|Right-to-left cardiac shunts]]<br />
*[[Sarcoidosis]] <br />
*[[Secondary pulmonary hypertension]] <br />
*[[Senna]]<br />
*[[Shell nail syndrome]] <br />
*[[Silicosis]] <br />
*[[Small bowel lymphoma]]<br />
*[[Sprue]]<br />
*[[Stomach cancer]]<br />
*[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] <br />
*[[Sulfur dioxide|Sulphur dioxide inhalation]] <br />
*[[Suppurative lung disease]]<br />
*[[Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]] <br />
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome ]]<br />
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]<br />
*[[Thionyl chloride|Thionyl chloride inhalation]]<br />
*[[Thyroid cancer]]<br />
*[[Thyrotoxicosis]] <br />
*[[Total anomalous venous connection]] <br />
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<br />
*[[Tricuspid atresia]] <br />
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]<br />
*[[Tuberculosis]] <br />
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] <br />
*[[Vascular anomaly|Vascular anomalies]]<br />
*[[Ventricular septal defect]] <br />
*[[Whipple disease]]</div>
Kiran Singh