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wikidoc - User contributions [en]
2024-03-29T13:49:20Z
User contributions
MediaWiki 1.40.0
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Mitotoxin&diff=545881
Mitotoxin
2009-05-21T16:18:31Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
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'''Maitotoxin''' is the toxin that causes [[ciguatera]] poisoning.<br />
Maitotoxin was named from the ciguateric fish ''Ctenochaetus striatus''&mdash;called “maito” in [[Tahiti]]&mdash;from which maitotoxin was isolated for the first time. Later on, it was revealed that maitotoxin is made by the [[dinoflagellate]] ''Gambierdiscus toxicus''.<br />
<br />
The [[toxicity]] of maitotoxin to mice is the highest in nonprotein toxins: the [[LD50]] is 50 ng/kg. Maitotoxin induces [[Calcium|Ca]]<sup>2+</sup> influx into cell lines when its concentration is nanomolar to picomolar, and at lower concentrations than picomolar, maitotoxin stimulates degradation of [[inositol phosphate]]. The mechanisms of the activities have not been determined yet.<br />
<br />
Maitotoxin's molecular formula is C<sub>164</sub>H<sub>256</sub>O<sub>68</sub>S<sub>2</sub>Na<sub>2</sub>, and its [[molecular weight]] is 3422: it is the largest natural product among compounds that do not have well-known units like [[proteins]] or [[polysaccharide]]s. Maitotoxin includes 32 [[ether]] rings, 22 methyls, 28 hydroxyls, and 2 sulfuric acid [[esters]]. Maitotoxin has an [[amphipathic]] structure: polar [[Radical (chemistry)|radical]]s localize at the A to O rings, and methyls localize at the R to F' rings.<br />
<br />
The chemical structure of mitotoxin was determined in 1996 by using high-resolution [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] spectrum, [[mass spectroscopy]], and synthetic chemical methods.<br />
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[[Image:mitotoxin.jpg|thumbnail|center|700px|Molecular structure of maitotoxin]]<br />
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==External links==<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Mithramycin&diff=545880
Mithramycin
2009-05-21T16:16:04Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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Mithramycin is an anti-neoplastic antibiotic. Its major use is as an IV infusion to reduce very high levels of plasma calcium. It inhibits RNA synthesis in [[osteoclasts]]. Typically use a dose of <br />
25 microgram per kilogram IV given over four to six hours. This dose can be repeated in 1 to 2 days if necessary. Ca<sup>++</sup> levels start falling after 12 hours, with maximal reduction at 48-72 hours. <br />
<br />
Hypercalcaemia recurs in days to several weeks. With repeated use, organotoxicity (kidney, liver, haematopoetic system) can become a problem.<br />
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[[Category: Antibiotics]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=PGY&diff=545879
PGY
2009-05-21T16:12:26Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
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'''PGY''', short for '''post-graduate year''', refers to a North American numerical scheme denoting the progress of post-medical school graduation medical residents in their [[residency (medicine)|residency]] program. It is used to stratify responsibility in most training programs and to determine salary.<br />
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The length of residency depends mostly on the field a medical school graduate chooses to take. Specialties such as [[family medicine]] and [[internal medicine]] often require only three years, whereas [[surgery]] usually requires a minimum of five. Subspecialization (vascular or orthopedic spine surgery as a branch of surgery, for example) in any field will add time to post-graduate training.<br />
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For more information on specific medical residency programs, see the [[American Medical Association | American Medical Association's]] Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database.<br />
<br />
Pharmacy residencies, which are becoming more popular, also use the PGY nomenclature. Here, PGY-1 is the usual general pharmacy practice residency, and PGY-2 can be completed, often as an option, for pharmacy specialties such as critical care, cardiology, oncology, etc. <br />
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In some teaching institutions, trainees are required to indicate level of training on all signatures (John Doe, M.D., PGY-1 or R-1).<br />
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== External Links ==<br />
* [http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/2997.html FREIDA, the AMA's online residency database]<br />
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[[Category:Medical education in the United States]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Minimum_lethal_dose&diff=545878
Minimum lethal dose
2009-05-21T16:07:18Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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'''Minimum lethal dose''' (MLD, also LD<SUB>min</SUB>) is the least amount of drug that can produce death in a given animal species under controlled conditions.<br />
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==Related Concept==<br />
* [[LD50]]<br />
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[[Category:Toxicology]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Minimum_lethal_dose&diff=545877
Minimum lethal dose
2009-05-21T16:05:57Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
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'''Minimum lethal dose''' (MLD, also LD<SUB>min</SUB>) is the least amount of drug that can produce death in a given animal species under controlled conditions.<br />
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==Related Concept==<br />
* [[LD50]]<br />
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[[Category:Toxicology]]<br />
[[Category:Units of measure]]<br />
[[Category:Animal rights]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Millard-Gubler_syndrome&diff=545876
Millard-Gubler syndrome
2009-05-21T16:03:16Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{Infobox_Disease |<br />
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |<br />
Image = |<br />
Caption = |<br />
DiseasesDB = |<br />
ICD10 = {{ICD10|G|46|3|g|40}} |<br />
ICD9 = {{ICD9|344.89}} |<br />
ICDO = |<br />
OMIM = |<br />
MedlinePlus = |<br />
eMedicineSubj = pmr |<br />
eMedicineTopic = 189 |<br />
MeshID = |<br />
}}<br />
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'''Millard-Gubler syndrome''' is a syndrome of unilateral softening of the brain tissue arising from obstruction of the blood vessels of the [[pons]], involving the sixth and seventh cranial [[nerve]]s and fibers of the [[corticospinal tract]], and is associated with [[paralysis]] of the abducens (including diplopia, internal strabismus, and loss of power to rotate the affected eye outward) and facial nerves and contralateral hemiplegia of the extremities. This syndrome is easier to diagnose today thanks to the technical advances in brain imaging (CT, MRI).<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Cerebral softening]]<br />
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==External links==<br />
* {{GPnotebook|-1402273782}}<br />
* {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1692}}<br />
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{{Diseases of the nervous system}}<br />
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[[Category: Nervous system]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Military_medicine&diff=545874
Military medicine
2009-05-21T15:58:55Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: /* Overview */</p>
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<div>{{EH}}<br />
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==Overview==<br />
The term '''military medicine''' has a number of potential connotations. It may mean:<br />
<br />
*A medical specialty, specifically a branch of [[occupational medicine]] attending to the medical risks and needs (both preventive and interventional) of soldiers, sailors and other service members. This disparate arena has historically involved the prevention and treatment of [[infectious disease]]s (especially [[tropical disease]]s), and, in the 20th Century, the ergonomics and health effects of operating military-specific machines and equipment such as submarines, tanks, helicopters and airplanes. [[Diving medicine|Undersea]] and [[aviation medicine]] can be understood as subspecialties of military medicine, or in any case originated as such. (The [[American Board of Medical Specialties]] does not, however, certify or recognize a specialty or subspecialty of “military medicine”.) <br />
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* The planning and practice of the surgical management of mass battlefield casualties and the logistical and administrative considerations of establishing and operating combat support hospitals. This involves military medical hierarchies, especially the organization of structured medical command and administrative systems that interact with and support deployed combat units. (See [[Battlefield medicine]].)<br />
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* The administration and practice of health care for military service members and their dependents in non-deployed (peacetime) settings. This may (as in the [[United States]]) consist of a medical system paralleling all the medical specialties and sub-specialties that exist in the civilian sector. See also [[Veterans Health Administration]] for medical services given to US veterans. <br />
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* Medical research and development specifically bearing upon problems of military medical interest. Historically, this encompasses all of the medical advances emerging from medical research efforts directed at addressing the problems encountered by deployed military forces (e.g., vaccines or drugs for soldiers, [[medical evacuation]] systems, drinking water [[chlorination]], etc) many of which ultimately prove important beyond the purely military considerations that inspired them.<br />
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==See also==<br />
===On general military medicine===<br />
*[[Triage]]<br />
<br />
*[[Field hospital]]<br />
*[[MEDEVAC]]<br />
*[[CASEVAC]]<br />
*[[Medical corps]]<br />
*[[Combat medic]]<br />
*[[Flight surgeon]]<br />
*[[Combat stress reaction]]<br />
*[[Surgeon General]]<br />
*[[Medical Service Corps]]<br />
*[[Military nurse]]<br />
<br />
===On U.S. military medicine===<br />
*[[Military Health System]]<br />
*[[TRICARE]]<br />
*[[Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences]]<br />
<br />
====On U.S. Army medicine====<br />
*[[Medical Corps (United States Army)]]<br />
*[[Mobile Army Surgical Hospital]]<br />
*[[Combat Support Hospital]]<br />
*[[68W]], the "combat medic"<br />
*[[Borden Institute]]<br />
**[[Textbook of Military Medicine]] (1989-2007), ''published by the U.S. Army''<br />
*[[Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine]]<br />
*[[Fort Sam Houston]]<br />
*[[Fort Detrick]]<br />
*[[United States Army Dental Command]]<br />
*[[U.S. Army Medical Command]]<br />
*[[Army Medical Department]]<br />
*[[Forward Surgical Teams]]<br />
*[[Battalion Aid Stations]]<br />
*[[Surgeon General of the United States Army]]<br />
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====On U.S. Navy medicine====<br />
*[[Medical Corps (United States Navy)]]<br />
*[[Hospital Corpsman]]<br />
*[[Navy Dental Corps]]<br />
*[[Navy Medical Service Corps]]<br />
*[[United States Navy Nurse Corps]]<br />
*[[Surgeon General of the United States Navy]]<br />
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====On U.S. Air Force medicine====<br />
*[[Surgeon General of the United States Air Force]]<br />
*[[Air Force Medical Service]]<br />
*[[Aeromedical evacuation (United States)]]<br />
<br />
===On British military medicine===<br />
*[[Medical Assistant (Royal Navy)]]<br />
*[[Royal Army Medical Corps]]<br />
**[[Medical Support Officer]]<br />
*[[Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps]]<br />
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===On French military medicine===<br />
*[[French Defence Health service]]<br />
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===On German military medicine===<br />
*[[Central Medical Services]]<br />
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===On Russian military medicine===<br />
*[[Museum of Military Medicine]]<br />
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===On Israeli military medicine===<br />
*[[Medical Corps (Israel)]]<br />
*[[Logistics, Medical, and the Centers Directorate]]<br />
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===On Australian military medicine===<br />
*[[Royal Australian Army Medical Corps]]<br />
*[[Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps]]<br />
*[[Australian Army Medical Units, World War I]]<br />
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==External links==<br />
===On U.S. military medicine===<br />
*[http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc-medi.htm Military Medicine] related links from USAF [[Air University (United States)|Air University]]<br />
*[http://www.amsus.org/ Association of Military Surgeons of the United States] (AMSUS)<br />
**[http://www.amsus.org/journal/ ''Military Medicine'', the International Journal of AMSUS]<br />
*[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/combatdocs/medicine.html Military Medicine Through Time]. Life and Death in the War Zone | [[Nova (TV series)|NOVA]] | [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]<br />
*[http://www.bordeninstitute.army.mil/index.html The Borden Institute Homepage]<br />
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===On Australian military medicine===<br />
*[http://www.amma.asn.au/ Australian Military Medicine Association]<br />
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[[Category:Military medicine| ]]<br />
[[Category:Military occupations]]<br />
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{{mil-stub}}<br />
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[[ar:طب عسكري]]<br />
[[pt:saúde militar]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Military_brace&diff=545873
Military brace
2009-05-21T15:55:55Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
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The '''military brace''' is a body posture, sometimes known as '''[[scapula]]r posterior depression''' or the '''costoclavicular maneuver'''. It is a modification of standing at attention that is primarily used in military schools. It is also used in the diagnosis of costoclavicular syndrome and [[thoracic outlet syndrome]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fpnotebook.com/ORT64.htm|title=Costoclavicular Maneuver|publisher=Family Practice Notebook|author=Scott Moses}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Physical Therapy Corner: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome|publisher=NISMAT|url=http://www.nismat.org./ptcor/thoracic_outlet/}}</ref><br />
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The position is described as first standing in a relaxed posture, with the head looking forward, then depressing and retracting the shoulders as if standing at attention, extending the [[humerus]] and abducting it 30 [[degree (angle)|degree]]s, and hyperextending the neck and head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hope.edu./academic/kinesiology/athtrain/program/studentprojects/Ldornbos2/shoulder/tsld005.htm|title=Military Brace Test|work=Special Tests in Athletic Injury Assessment|work=Liz Dornbos|publisher=Hope College Department of Kinesiology}}</ref> A more informal description is to lie down on the floor on one's back and try to touch the floor with the back of one's neck, which will force one's chin down; and then to attempt to imitate that position whilst standing up or sitting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stclinic.com./tips.html|title=Tips|author=Abigail Brown|publisher=Spasmodic Torticollis Recovery Clinic}}</ref> <br />
<br />
VMI, The Citadel, and the United States Naval Academy are the only military schools which still enforce bracing.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite journal|journal=The Journal of bone and joint surgery, American volume|year=April 1969|volume=51|issue=3|pages=557&ndash;560|title=The military brace syndrome. A report of sixteen cases of Erb's palsy occurring in military cadets.|id=PMID 5781588|author=TM Lain}}<br />
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[[Category: Medical terms]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Military_brace&diff=545872
Military brace
2009-05-21T15:53:00Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''military brace''' is a body posture, sometimes known as '''[[scapula]]r posterior depression''' or the '''costoclavicular maneuver'''. It is a modification of standing at attention that is primarily used in military schools. It is also used in the diagnosis of costoclavicular syndrome and [[thoracic outlet syndrome]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fpnotebook.com/ORT64.htm|title=Costoclavicular Maneuver|publisher=Family Practice Notebook|author=Scott Moses}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Physical Therapy Corner: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome|publisher=NISMAT|url=http://www.nismat.org./ptcor/thoracic_outlet/}}</ref><br />
<br />
The position is described as first standing in a relaxed posture, with the head looking forward, then depressing and retracting the shoulders as if standing at attention, extending the [[humerus]] and abducting it 30 [[degree (angle)|degree]]s, and hyperextending the neck and head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hope.edu./academic/kinesiology/athtrain/program/studentprojects/Ldornbos2/shoulder/tsld005.htm|title=Military Brace Test|work=Special Tests in Athletic Injury Assessment|work=Liz Dornbos|publisher=Hope College Department of Kinesiology}}</ref> A more informal description is to lie down on the floor on one's back and try to touch the floor with the back of one's neck, which will force one's chin down; and then to attempt to imitate that position whilst standing up or sitting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stclinic.com./tips.html|title=Tips|author=Abigail Brown|publisher=Spasmodic Torticollis Recovery Clinic}}</ref> <br />
<br />
VMI, The Citadel, and the United States Naval Academy are the only military schools which still enforce bracing.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite journal|journal=The Journal of bone and joint surgery, American volume|year=April 1969|volume=51|issue=3|pages=557&ndash;560|title=The military brace syndrome. A report of sixteen cases of Erb's palsy occurring in military cadets.|id=PMID 5781588|author=TM Lain}}<br />
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[[Category: Medical terms]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Military_brace&diff=545871
Military brace
2009-05-21T15:50:53Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''military brace''' is a body posture, sometimes known as '''[[scapula]]r posterior depression''' or the '''costoclavicular maneuver'''. It is a modification of standing at attention that is primarily used in military schools. It is also used in the diagnosis of [[costoclavicular syndrome]] and [[thoracic outlet syndrome]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fpnotebook.com/ORT64.htm|title=Costoclavicular Maneuver|publisher=Family Practice Notebook|author=Scott Moses}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Physical Therapy Corner: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome|publisher=NISMAT|url=http://www.nismat.org./ptcor/thoracic_outlet/}}</ref><br />
<br />
The position is described as first standing in a relaxed posture, with the head looking forward, then depressing and retracting the shoulders as if standing at attention, extending the [[humerus]] and abducting it 30 [[degree (angle)|degree]]s, and hyperextending the neck and head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hope.edu./academic/kinesiology/athtrain/program/studentprojects/Ldornbos2/shoulder/tsld005.htm|title=Military Brace Test|work=Special Tests in Athletic Injury Assessment|work=Liz Dornbos|publisher=Hope College Department of Kinesiology}}</ref> A more informal description is to lie down on the floor on one's back and try to touch the floor with the back of one's neck, which will force one's chin down; and then to attempt to imitate that position whilst standing up or sitting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stclinic.com./tips.html|title=Tips|author=Abigail Brown|publisher=Spasmodic Torticollis Recovery Clinic}}</ref> <br />
<br />
VMI, The Citadel, and the United States Naval Academy are the only military schools which still enforce bracing.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite journal|journal=The Journal of bone and joint surgery, American volume|year=April 1969|volume=51|issue=3|pages=557&ndash;560|title=The military brace syndrome. A report of sixteen cases of Erb's palsy occurring in military cadets.|id=PMID 5781588|author=TM Lain}}<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Military_Medicine_(journal)&diff=545870
Military Medicine (journal)
2009-05-21T15:42:28Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
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'''''Military Medicine''''' is the official monthly journal of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States. Articles published in the journal are peer-reviewed scientific papers, case reports, and editorials. The journal also publishes letters to the editor and book reviews. The journal began publication in 1892 as ''The Military Surgeon''. <br />
<br />
The journal indicates that its object is to<br />
<br />
{{"<br />
|promote awareness of Federal medicine by providing a forum for responsible discussion of common ideas and problems relevant to Federal healthcare...to increase healthcare education by providing scientific and other information to its readers...to facilitate communication...and to offer a prestige publication for members’ writings.}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.amsus.org/home.shtml Association of Military Surgeons of the United States]<br />
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[[Category:Medical journals]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Microneme&diff=545868
Microneme
2009-05-21T15:33:38Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
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'''Micronemes''' are cellular organs, or [[organelles]], possessed by [[Apicomplexa]] protozoans. They are specialized secretory organelles.<br />
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[[Category:Parasitology]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Micrographia_(handwriting)&diff=545867
Micrographia (handwriting)
2009-05-21T15:32:18Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
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'''Micrographia''' is a medical term used to describe abnormally small, cramped handwriting and/or the progression to continually smaller handwriting. This is one of the symptoms of [[Parkinson's disease]].<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Michigan_State_University_College_of_Human_Medicine&diff=545866
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine
2009-05-21T15:27:31Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
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The '''Michigan State University College of Human Medicine''' ('''CHM''') was founded in 1964. CHM is the first community-integrated [[medical school]] and has a program that emphasizes a patient-centered care and a biopsychosocial approach to caring for patients. More than 3,100 M.D.s have graduated from the College. The pre-clinical campus is located on Michigan State University's main campus in East Lansing, Michigan. <br />
Clinical practice, undergraduate medical education during the clinical years three and four, graduate medical education, and research takes place across six campuses located in the Michigan cities of Flint, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, Lansing, Saginaw, and Marquette. An additional four-year undergraduate medical training facility in Grand Rapids is scheduled to be phased in to operation between 2008 and 2010 that will run in parallel to the existing program in East Lansing.<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://humanmedicine.msu.edu/ MSU College of Human Medicine homepage]<br />
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[[Category:Schools of medicine in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Michigan State University]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Michigan_State_University_College_of_Human_Medicine&diff=545865
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine
2009-05-21T15:25:32Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
The '''Michigan State University College of Human Medicine''' ('''CHM''') was founded in 1964. CHM is the first community-integrated [[medical school]] and has a program that emphasizes a patient-centered care and a biopsychosocial approach to caring for patients. More than 3,100 M.D.s have graduated from the College. The pre-clinical campus is located on Michigan State University's main campus in East Lansing, Michigan. <br />
Clinical practice, undergraduate medical education during the clinical years three and four, graduate medical education, and research takes place across six campuses located in the Michigan cities of Flint, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, Lansing, Saginaw, and Marquette. An additional four-year undergraduate medical training facility in Grand Rapids is scheduled to be phased in to operation between 2008 and 2010 that will run in parallel to the existing program in East Lansing.<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://humanmedicine.msu.edu/ MSU College of Human Medicine homepage]<br />
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{{Michigan State University}}<br />
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[[Category:Schools of medicine in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Michigan State University]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Michigan_State_University_College_of_Human_Medicine&diff=545864
Michigan State University College of Human Medicine
2009-05-21T15:23:47Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
The '''[[Michigan State University]] College of Human Medicine''' ('''CHM''') was founded in 1964. CHM is the first community-integrated [[medical school]] and has a program that emphasizes a patient-centered care and a biopsychosocial approach to caring for patients. More than 3,100 M.D.s have graduated from the College. The pre-clinical campus is located on Michigan State University's main campus in East Lansing, Michigan. <br />
Clinical practice, undergraduate medical education during the clinical years three and four, graduate medical education, and research takes place across six campuses located in the Michigan cities of Flint, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, Lansing, Saginaw, and Marquette. An additional four-year undergraduate medical training facility in Grand Rapids is scheduled to be phased in to operation between 2008 and 2010 that will run in parallel to the existing program in East Lansing.<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://humanmedicine.msu.edu/ MSU College of Human Medicine homepage]<br />
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{{Michigan State University}}<br />
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[[Category:Schools of medicine in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Michigan State University]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Mibefradil&diff=545863
Mibefradil
2009-05-21T15:15:54Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
==Mibefradil==<br />
Mibefradil is a drug used to treat [[Angina pectoris|angina]] and high blood pressure.<br />
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{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category:Drugs]]<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=File:Metirosine.png&diff=545862
File:Metirosine.png
2009-05-21T15:11:19Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: uploaded "Image:Metirosine.png"</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Chemical structure}}<br />
== Summary ==<br />
Chemical structure of Metirosine (alpha-methyl-tyrosine) created by Mark PEA in ChemDraw.<br />
== Licensing ==<br />
{{PD-self}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Metirosine&diff=545861
Metirosine
2009-05-21T15:09:54Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{drugbox | IUPAC_name = 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-propanoic acid | image = Metirosine.png | CAS_number = 672-87-7 | ATC_prefix = C02 | ATC_suffix = KB01 | ATC_supplemental = | PubChem = 10123 | DrugBank = | C=10 | H=13 | N=1 | O=3 | molecular_weight = 195.215 | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = 3.4 - 3.7 hours | pregnancy_category = | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = }} <br />
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{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
==Mechanism of action== <br />
'''Metirosine''' is an [[antihypertensive]] drug. It inhibits the enzyme [[tyrosine hydroxylase]] and, therefore, [[catecholamine]] synthesis. <br />
==Clinical Use== <br />
Metirosine is used in the treatment of [[phaeochromocytoma]]. It is contra-indicated for the treatment of [[essential hypertension]]. <br />
<br />
{{Antihypertensives and diuretics}} <br />
{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category:Antihypertensive agents]]<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Methyprylon&diff=545860
Methyprylon
2009-05-21T14:53:01Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{drugbox<br />
| IUPAC_name = 3,3-diethyl-5-methyl-piperidine-2,4-dione<br />
| image = Methyprylon.png<br />
| width = 130<br />
| CAS_number = 125-64-4<br />
| ATC_prefix = N05<br />
| ATC_suffix = CE02<br />
| ATC_supplemental = <br />
| PubChem = 4162<br />
| DrugBank = APRD00734<br />
| C=10 | H=17 | N=1 | O=2<br />
| molecular_weight = 183.248 g/mol<br />
| bioavailability = <br />
| protein_bound = 60%<br />
| metabolism = <br />
| elimination_half-life = 6-16 hours<br />
| excretion = <br />
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --><br />
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X --><br />
| pregnancy_category = <br />
| legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 --><br />
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD --><br />
| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only --><br />
| legal_status = <br />
| routes_of_administration = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
'''Methyprylon''' is a [[sedative]] of the [[piperidinedione]] derivative family. This medicine was used for treating [[insomnia]], but is now rarely used as it has been replaced by newer drugs with less side effects, such as [[benzodiazepines]]. Methyprylon was withdrawn from the US market in June 1965 and the Canadian market in September 1990. <br />
<br />
Side effects can include: Skin rash, fever, depression, ulcers or sores in mouth or throat, unusual bleeding or bruising, confusion, fast heartbeat, respiratory depression, swelling of feet or lower legs, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, double vision, clumsiness, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, unusual weakness <br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Contos D, Dixon K, Guthrie R, Gerber N, Mays D | title = Nonlinear elimination of methyprylon (noludar) in an overdosed patient: correlation of clinical effects with plasma concentration. | journal = J Pharm Sci | volume = 80 | issue = 8 | pages = 768-71 | year = 1991 | id = PMID 1686463}}<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Gwilt P, Pankaskie M, Thornburg J, Zustiak R, Shoenthal D | title = Pharmacokinetics of methyprylon following a single oral dose. | journal = J Pharm Sci | volume = 74 | issue = 9 | pages = 1001-3 | year = 1985 | id = PMID 2866242}}<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Lomen P, Linet O | title = Hypnotic efficacy of triazolam and methyprylon ininsomniac in-patients. | journal = J Int Med Res | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 55-8 | year = 1976 | id = PMID 16792}}<br />
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{{Sedative}}<br />
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[[Category: Drugs]]<br />
[[Category: Sedatives]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=File:Methazolamide.png&diff=545859
File:Methazolamide.png
2009-05-21T14:48:12Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Methazolamide&diff=545858
Methazolamide
2009-05-21T14:46:29Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{drugbox<br />
| IUPAC_name = N-(3-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-3H- 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylidene) ethanamide<br />
| image = Methazolamide.png<br />
| width= 254<br />
| CAS_number = 554-57-4<br />
| ATC_prefix = S01<br />
| ATC_suffix = EC05<br />
| ATC_supplemental = <br />
| PubChem = 4100<br />
| DrugBank = APRD00740<br />
| C = 5 | H = 8 | N = 4 | O = 3 | S = 2<br />
| molecular_weight = 236.274 g/mol<br />
| bioavailability = <br />
| protein_bound = 55%<br />
| metabolism = <br />
| elimination_half-life = 14 hours<br />
| excretion = <br />
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --><br />
| pregnancy_US = C<br />
| pregnancy_category = <br />
| legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 --><br />
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD --><br />
| legal_US = Rx-only<br />
| legal_status = <br />
| routes_of_administration = Oral<br />
}}<br />
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{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
'''Methazolamide (Neptazane®)''' is a [[carbonic anhydrase]] inhibitor.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Iyer G, Bellantone R, Taft D | title = In vitro characterization of the erythrocyte distribution of methazolamide: a model of erythrocyte transport and binding kinetics. | journal = J Pharmacokinet Biopharm | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 45-66 | year = 1999 | id = PMID 10533697}}<br />
* {{cite web | author = RxList | url = http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/methaz.htm | title = Neptazane | accessmonthday = August 20 | accessyear = 2006}}<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Shirato S, Kagaya F, Suzuki Y, Joukou S | title = [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]] induced by methazolamide treatment. | journal = Arch Ophthalmol | volume = 115 | issue = 4 | pages = 550-3 | year = 1997 | id = PMID 9109770}}<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Skorobohach B, Ward D, Hendrix D | title = Effects of oral administration of methazolamide on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flow rate in clinically normal dogs. | journal = Am J Vet Res | volume = 64 | issue = 2 | pages = 183-7 | year = 2003 | id = PMID 12602587}}<br />
<br />
{{Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics}}<br />
{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category:Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors]]<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Metabolic_equivalent&diff=545857
Metabolic equivalent
2009-05-21T14:42:23Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
A unit of '''metabolic equivalent''', or '''MET''', is defined as the ratio of a person's working metabolic rate relative to the resting metabolic rate. One MET is defined as 1 kilocalorie per kilogram per hour and is the caloric consumption of a person while at complete rest. For example, one might consider the restful state following a quiet night's sleep as a good example of a single '''MET'''. This is a base-line unit for that one individual, and since each individual has a varying BMR, a MET is, therefore, variable from one person to the next. One might consider a single unit the energy required to just ''stay alive'' without doing anything more. <br />
<br />
The unit is commonly used in the context of [[aerobic exercise]] to gauge the intensity of the workout. A workout of 2-4 METs is considered light, while intensive running (8 minutes/mile, or 12 km/h) or climbing can yield workouts of 12 or more METs. <br />
<br />
Since METs are variable units, they can only be used in calculating relative energy expenditures in "context;" meaning within the parameters per individual, unlike caloric expenditures which are unitary standards not variable from one person to another. While exercising at 6 METs, a 200-pound (90&nbsp;kg) man would burn considerably more calories than his 120-pound (55&nbsp;kg) son doing the same exercise.<br />
<br />
METs are particularly relevant to those who intend to [[weight loss|lose weight]], because they are a simple approximation of the rate at which exercise causes calories to be burned. Many modern exercise machines can indicate METs, although the numbers given are estimates since, as mentioned above, the rate at which calories are burned while at rest (the [[Basal metabolic rate|Basal Metabolic Rate]] or, more strictly, the Resting metabolic rate: RMR) varies from person to person.<br />
<br />
Some exercise machines estimate METs based on the formula: cpm/kg.<br />
[http://www.precor.com/pdf/performance_metrics_ENGLISH.pdf]<br />
This convenient non-individualized approximation is often used, including in scientific literature.<br />
"No work requires only “basal metabolism,” or about 3.5 mL O2/kg/minute, also known as 1 MET."<br />
[http://www.baylorhealth.edu/proceedings/12_1/12_1_berman.html]<br />
"One MET is defined as the energy it takes to sit quietly. For the average adult, this is about one calorie per every 2.2 pounds of body weight per hour someone who weighs 160 pounds would burn approximately 70 calories an hour while sitting or sleeping."<br />
[http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/Exercise.htm]<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Cardiac stress test]] treadmill testing<br />
* [[Robert A. Bruce]] invented Bruce treadmill protocol<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://prevention.sph.sc.edu/tools/compendium.htm University of South Carolina Compendium of Physical Activities]<br />
* [http://www.drgily.com/exercise-calorie-counter.php Calories burned by common types of exercise]<br />
* [http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/Exercise.htm Energy requirements of common daily activities in METs] from the [[Harvard School of Public Health]]<br />
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{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category:Exercise physiology]]<br />
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[[de:Metabolisches Äquivalent]]<br />
[[pl:MET (biochemia)]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Metabolic_equivalent&diff=545856
Metabolic equivalent
2009-05-21T14:40:40Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
A unit of '''metabolic equivalent''', or '''MET''', is defined as the ratio of a person's working metabolic rate relative to the resting metabolic rate. One MET is defined as 1 kilocalorie per kilogram per hour and is the caloric consumption of a person while at complete rest. For example, one might consider the restful state following a quiet night's sleep as a good example of a single '''MET'''. This is a base-line unit for that one individual, and since each individual has a varying BMR, a MET is, therefore, variable from one person to the next. One might consider a single unit the energy required to just ''stay alive'' without doing anything more. <br />
<br />
The unit is commonly used in the context of [[aerobic exercise]] to gauge the intensity of the workout. A workout of 2-4 METs is considered light, while intensive running (8 minutes/mile, or 12 km/h) or climbing can yield workouts of 12 or more METs. <br />
<br />
Since METs are variable units, they can only be used in calculating relative energy expenditures in "context;" meaning within the parameters per individual, unlike caloric expenditures which are unitary standards not variable from one person to another. While exercising at 6 METs, a 200-pound (90&nbsp;kg) man would burn considerably more calories than his 120-pound (55&nbsp;kg) son doing the same exercise.<br />
<br />
METs are particularly relevant to those who intend to [[weight loss|lose weight]], because they are a simple approximation of the rate at which exercise causes calories to be burned. Many modern exercise machines can indicate METs, although the numbers given are estimates since, as mentioned above, the rate at which calories are burned while at rest (the [[Basal metabolic rate|Basal Metabolic Rate]] or, more strictly, the [[Resting metabolic rate]]: RMR) varies from person to person.<br />
<br />
Some exercise machines estimate METs based on the formula: cpm/kg.<br />
[http://www.precor.com/pdf/performance_metrics_ENGLISH.pdf]<br />
This convenient non-individualized approximation is often used, including in scientific literature.<br />
"No work requires only “basal metabolism,” or about 3.5 mL O2/kg/minute, also known as 1 MET."<br />
[http://www.baylorhealth.edu/proceedings/12_1/12_1_berman.html]<br />
"One MET is defined as the energy it takes to sit quietly. For the average adult, this is about one calorie per every 2.2 pounds of body weight per hour someone who weighs 160 pounds would burn approximately 70 calories an hour while sitting or sleeping."<br />
[http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/Exercise.htm]<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Cardiac stress test]] treadmill testing<br />
* [[Robert A. Bruce]] invented Bruce treadmill protocol<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://prevention.sph.sc.edu/tools/compendium.htm University of South Carolina Compendium of Physical Activities]<br />
* [http://www.drgily.com/exercise-calorie-counter.php Calories burned by common types of exercise]<br />
* [http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/Exercise.htm Energy requirements of common daily activities in METs] from the [[Harvard School of Public Health]]<br />
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{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category:Exercise physiology]]<br />
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[[de:Metabolisches Äquivalent]]<br />
[[pl:MET (biochemia)]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Metabolic_Activation_Therapy&diff=545855
Metabolic Activation Therapy
2009-05-21T14:35:02Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
'''Metabolic Activation Therapy''' (MAT) is a medical treatment for individuals exhibiting moderate to severe symptoms attributed to [[diabetes]]. <br />
<br />
See [[Pulsatile insulin]] for more information.<br />
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{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category:diabetes]]<br />
[[Category:medical treatments]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=File:Mequitazine.svg&diff=545854
File:Mequitazine.svg
2009-05-21T14:32:46Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Mequitazine&diff=545853
Mequitazine
2009-05-21T14:30:18Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{drugbox<br />
| IUPAC_name = 10-(4-azabicyclo[2.2.2] oct-7-ylmethyl) phenothiazine<br />
| image = Mequitazine.svg<br />
| CAS_number = 29216-28-2<br />
| ATC_prefix = R06<br />
| ATC_suffix = AD07<br />
| ATC_supplemental = <br />
| PubChem = 4066<br />
| DrugBank = APRD00386<br />
| C=20 | H=22 | N=2 | S=1<br />
| molecular_weight = 322.468 g/mol<br />
| bioavailability = <br />
| protein_bound = <br />
| metabolism = <br />
| elimination_half-life = <br />
| excretion = <br />
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --><br />
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X --><br />
| pregnancy_category = <br />
| legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 --><br />
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD --><br />
| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only --><br />
| legal_status = <br />
| routes_of_administration = <br />
}}<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
'''Mequitazine''' is an [[antihistamine]].<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Ramírez Chanona N, del Rio Navarro B, Pérez Martín J | title = Efficacy of mequitazine (Primalan) on the relief of symptoms of [[allergic]] rhinoconjunctivitis in children. Documented clinical experience | journal = Rev Alerg Mex | volume = 52 | issue = 6 | pages = 221-5 | year = | id = PMID 16568706}}<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Theunissen E, Vermeeren A, van Oers A, van Maris I, Ramaekers J | title = A dose-ranging study of the effects of mequitazine on actual driving, memory and psychomotor performance as compared to dexchlorpheniramine, cetirizine and [[placebo]]. | journal = Clin Exp Allergy | volume = 34 | issue = 2 | pages = 250-8 | year = 2004 | id = PMID 14987305}}<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Nakamura K, Yokoi T, Kodama T, Inoue K, Nagashima K, Shimada N, Shimizu T, Kamataki T | title = Oxidation of histamine H1 antagonist mequitazine is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2D6 in human [[liver]] microsomes. | journal = J Pharmacol Exp Ther | volume = 284 | issue = 2 | pages = 437-42 | year = 1998 | id = PMID 9454781}}<br />
* {{cite journal | author = Persi L, Dupin O, Arnaud B, Trinquand C, Michel F, Bousquet J | title = Efficacy of mequitazine in comparison with placebo assessed by ocular challenge with allergen in allergic [[conjunctivitis]]. | journal = Allergy | volume = 52 | issue = 4 | pages = 451-4 | year = 1997 | id = PMID 9188930}}<br />
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{{Antihistamines}}<br />
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{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category: Antihistamines]]<br />
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[[th:มีควิทาซีน]]<br />
{{WH}}<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Mentzer_index&diff=545852
Mentzer index
2009-05-21T14:27:04Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
The '''Mentzer index''' is used to differentiate [[iron deficiency anemia]] from [[beta thalassemia]]. It is calculated from the results of a [[complete blood count]]. If the quotient of the [[mean corpuscular volume]] divided by the [[red blood cell]] count is less than 13, thalassemia is more likely. If the result is greater than 14, then iron-deficiency anemia is more likely.<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
* Mentzer WC Jr. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait. ''[[The Lancet|Lancet]] 1973;1(7808):882. PMID 4123424.<br />
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{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category: Medical terms]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Mentzer_index&diff=545851
Mentzer index
2009-05-21T14:25:08Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
The '''Mentzer index''' is used to differentiate [[iron deficiency anemia]] from [[beta thalassemia]]. It is calculated from the results of a [[complete blood count]]. If the [[quotient]] of the [[mean corpuscular volume]] divided by the [[red blood cell]] count is less than 13, thalassemia is more likely. If the result is greater than 14, then iron-deficiency anemia is more likely.<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
* Mentzer WC Jr. Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait. ''[[The Lancet|Lancet]] 1973;1(7808):882. PMID 4123424.<br />
<br />
{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category: Medical terms]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Megaureter&diff=545850
Megaureter
2009-05-21T14:20:53Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
'''Megaureter''' is an anomaly whereby the [[ureter]] is abnormally [[dilation|dilate]]d.<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category: Digestive diseases]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Megalopenis&diff=545849
Megalopenis
2009-05-21T14:17:59Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
A '''megalopenis''' is an anomaly of the [[penis]], whereby the penis enlarges rapidly in childhood due to high level of production of [[testosterone]] [http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/40000407/] [http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_m_01zPzhtm#13974582]. Also called macropenis, macrophallus, and megalophallus.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_m_01zPzhtm#13974582 Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary]<br />
* [http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/40000407/ PatientPlus Congenital Urogenital Malformations]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category:Andrology]]<br />
<br />
{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medrad_Inc.&diff=545848
Medrad Inc.
2009-05-21T14:14:17Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
MEDRAD, INC. is a worldwide leading provider of medical devices and services that enable and enhance imaging procedures of the human body. Used in diagnostic imaging, MEDRAD’s product offerings include a comprehensive line of vascular injection systems, magnetic resonance (MR) surface coils and accessory products. Heart disease . . . stroke . . . cancer . . . these and other diseases are diagnosed faster and more accurately around the world with the help of MEDRAD technology.<br />
<br />
[[MEDRAD, INC.]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.medrad.com/ Medrad web page]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category:Medical equipment]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medrad_Inc.&diff=545847
Medrad Inc.
2009-05-21T14:12:30Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
MEDRAD, INC. is a worldwide leading provider of medical devices and services that enable and enhance imaging procedures of the human body. Used in diagnostic imaging, MEDRAD’s product offerings include a comprehensive line of vascular injection systems, magnetic resonance (MR) surface coils and accessory products. Heart disease . . . stroke . . . cancer . . . these and other diseases are diagnosed faster and more accurately around the world with the help of MEDRAD technology.<br />
<br />
[[MEDRAD, INC.]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.medrad.com/ Medrad web page]<br />
{{Primarysources|date=December 2006}}<br />
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{{SIB}}<br />
[[Category:Medical equipment]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
{{WikiDoc Sources}}</div>
Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medrad_Inc.&diff=545846
Medrad Inc.
2009-05-21T14:11:19Z
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{{SI}}<br />
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MEDRAD, INC. is a worldwide leading provider of medical devices and services that enable and enhance imaging procedures of the human body. Used in diagnostic imaging, MEDRAD’s product offerings include a comprehensive line of vascular injection systems, magnetic resonance (MR) surface coils and accessory products. Heart disease . . . stroke . . . cancer . . . these and other diseases are diagnosed faster and more accurately around the world with the help of MEDRAD technology.<br />
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[[MEDRAD, INC.]]==External links==<br />
*[http://www.medrad.com/ Medrad web page]<br />
{{Primarysources|date=December 2006}}<br />
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[[Category:Medical equipment]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medicinal_product&diff=545845
Medicinal product
2009-05-21T14:09:03Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
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A '''medicinal product''' is defined in the European Union [http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/pharmaceuticals/eudralex/index.htm| (cf. Dir 2001/83/EC)] as any substance or combination of substances presented for [[treatment|treating]] or [[prevention|preventing]] [[disease]] in human beings. Any substance or combination of substances which may be administered to human beings with a view to making a medical diagnosis or to restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions in human beings is likewise considered a medicinal product. For further info see [[medication]] and [[drug]].<br />
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A medicinal product has to be distinguished from [[medical devices]], [[cosmetics]] and [[food]] products.<br />
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[[Category:Pharmacology]]<br />
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[[vi:Dược phẩm]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medically_indigent_adult&diff=545844
Medically indigent adult
2009-05-21T14:05:08Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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''Medically indigent adults'' "(MIAs)" in the [[health care system]] of the United States are persons who do not have [[health insurance]] and who are not eligible for other [[health care]] coverage, such as [[Medicaid]], [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]], or private health insurance. <br />
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Government MIA programs at the state or county or municipal level may help MIAs access medical care by paying for all or part of the cost of their medical care.<br />
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Such programs are typically of last resort, and are available only to those who meet the "last resort" socioeconomic eligibility standards.<br />
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[[Category: Healthcare]]<br />
[[Category: Healthcare law]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medically_indigent_adult&diff=545843
Medically indigent adult
2009-05-21T14:03:31Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
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''Medically indigent adults'' "(MIAs)" in the [[health care system]] of the United States are persons who do not have [[health insurance]] and who are not eligible for other [[health care]] coverage, such as [[Medicaid]], [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]], or private health insurance. <br />
<br />
Government MIA programs at the state or county or municipal level may help MIAs access medical care by paying for all or part of the cost of their medical care.<br />
<br />
Such programs are typically of last resort, and are available only to those who meet the "last resort" socioeconomic eligibility standards.<br />
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[[Category: Health care]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medical_statistics&diff=545842
Medical statistics
2009-05-21T13:54:56Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>'''Medical statistics''' is the field of [[medicine]] dealing with applications of [[statistics]] to the field of health and medicine.<br />
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The use of statistics in any field cannot be underestimated. Statistics is used in health to plan the usage of various health resources as well as evaluate the results of an ongoing health project.<br />
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Medical statistics forms an important curriculum in the field of students of health as well as mathematics. <br />
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Medical statistics is an important research as well as application field.<br />
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==Applications==<br />
Medical statistics finds applications in the fields of public health, forensic medicine, as well as clinical sciences.<br />
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While the use of medical statistics in environmental health, public health, health services and forensic medicine is for the diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, in the clinical sciences and other fields of medicine, they are used as a research tool.<br />
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Medical statistics also provides an input in the development of algorithms used in the treatment of various conditions.<br />
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They help in the formulation of national health policies and keep track of the disbursion of helath services availability.<br />
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Many medical machines use algorithms developed using meical statistics for the prediction of future outcomes of the patients monitored.<br />
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[[Category:Medicine]]<br />
[[Category: Statistics]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medical_oddity&diff=545841
Medical oddity
2009-05-21T13:51:02Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
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A '''medical oddity''' is an unusual predicament or event which takes place in a medical context. Some examples of medical oddities might include: "lost and found" surgical instruments (in the body), grotesquely oversized [[tumor]]s, (human) [[male pregnancy]], rare or "[[orphan drug|orphan]]" illnesses, rare [[allergy|allergies]] (such as to water), strange births (extra or missing organs), and bizarre syndromes (such as [[Capgras delusion]]).<br />
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Medical oddities can also include unusual discoveries in purchased [[food]], such as finding a severed finger or thumb in a hamburger.<br />
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Medical oddities are also known as ''medical curiosities''. While not strictly [[paranormal]], they are classically Fortean.<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
==='''Books'''===<br />
*Gould, George Milbry, ''Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine'', W. B. Saunders, ©1896, Philadelphia, LC Control Number: 07028696<br />
*Jones, Kenneth Lyons, ''Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation'', Saunders, ©1997, Philadelphia, LC Control Number: 96016722, ISBN 0-7216-6115-7<br />
<br />
==='''Periodicals'''===<br />
*[[Fortean Times]]<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Cabinet of curiosities]]<br />
*[[Museum of Jurassic Technology]]<br />
*[[Missing white woman syndrome]]<br />
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[[Category: Medical terms]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medical_model&diff=545840
Medical model
2009-05-21T13:46:58Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
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[[Medical model]] is the term (cited by [[psychiatrist]] [[Ronald David Laing|Ronald D. Laing]] in his ''The Politics of the Family and Other Essays'') for the "set of procedures in which all doctors are trained." This set includes complaint, history, examination, ancillary tests if needed, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis with and without treatment. Sociologist [[Erving Goffman]], in his ''Asylums'', favorably compared the medical model, which was a post-Industrial Revolution occurrence, with the conduct in the tinkering trades (watch, radio, TV repair).<br />
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The '''medical model''' also describes the approach to illness which is dominant in [[medicine|Western medicine]]. It aims to find medical treatments for diagnosed [[symptom]]s and [[syndrome]]s and treats the human body as a very complex mechanism (hence, Goffman's tinkering trade analogy). Among critics of medical [[psychiatry]], Laing observed that because the diagnosis of a mental illness was based on conduct or patient behavior and not on evident pathology, it (the "diagnosis") essentially contravened standard medical procedure and hence the medical model: examination and ancillary tests were conducted, if at all, only after the diagnosis was made.<br />
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At all events, whereas heart diseases, cancers, and broken bones were diagnosed by evident pathology discovered during examination and ancillary tests, a mental illness was diagnosed by patient's conduct (paranoid delusions, catatonia, hypermania, etc.), with only an implication of a genuine pathology not cited at the time of diagnosis.<br />
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The medical model drives research and theorizing about physical or psychological difficulties on a basis of causation and remediation.<br />
<br />
It can be contrasted with the [[Holistic health|holistic model]] of the [[Alternative medicine|alternative health]] movement and the [[Social model of disability|social model]] of the [[Disability rights movement]], as well as to [[biopsychosocial]] and [[recovery model]]'s of mental disorder.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Medical model of disability]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[http://www.bfi.org.uk/education/teaching/disability/thinking/medical.html 'Medical model' vs 'social model'] British Film Institute Education.<br />
*[http://www.shef.ac.uk/disability/nm_helper/3_awareness.html Disability Awareness] at the University of Sheffield , UK<br />
*[http://www.open.ac.uk/inclusiveteaching/pages/understanding-and-awareness/medical-model.php Medical model] Open university UK<br />
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[[Category: Medical sociology]]<br />
[[Category: Disability]]<br />
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[[sr:Медицински модел]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medical_license&diff=545839
Medical license
2009-05-21T13:44:04Z
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
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In most countries, only persons with a '''medical license''' bestowed by specified government-approved professional associations are allowed to practice [[medicine]]. The medical license is the documentation of a medical practitioner's authority to practice [[medicine]] within a certain locality. In the United States, medical licenses are usually granted by each individual state. <br />
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[[Category:Healthcare law]]<br />
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[[ja:医師免許]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medical_handbook&diff=545838
Medical handbook
2009-05-21T13:41:52Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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A '''medical book''' or '''medical handbook''' is a layman's reference book for health and medicine. It usually contains information about common diseases and main bodily functions.<br />
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[[Category:Medicine]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Medical_handbook&diff=545837
Medical handbook
2009-05-21T13:39:36Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
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A '''medical book''' or '''medical handbook''' is a layman's reference book for health and medicine. It usually contains information about common diseases and main bodily functions.<br />
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[[Category:Literature]]<br />
[[Category:Medicine]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Hyperchloremic_acidosis&diff=545056
Hyperchloremic acidosis
2009-05-18T16:10:06Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |<br />
Name = Hyperchloremic acidosis |<br />
ICD10 = {{ICD10|E|87|2|e|70}} |<br />
ICD9 = {{ICD9|276.2}} |<br />
Image = |<br />
Caption = |<br />
ICDO = |<br />
OMIM = |<br />
DiseasesDB = |<br />
MedlinePlus = |<br />
eMedicineSubj = med |<br />
eMedicineTopic = 1071 |<br />
}}<br />
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'''Hyperchloremic acidosis''' is a form of [[metabolic acidosis]] associated with a normal [[anion gap]], a decrease in plasma [[bicarbonate]] concentration, and in an increase in plasma [[chloride]] concentration (see [[anion gap]] for a fuller explanation).<br />
<br />
===Causes===<br />
*[[Renal tubular acidosis]] failure of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> resorption(i.e. proximal renal tubular acidosis) or failure of H<sup>+</sup> secretion (ie in distal renal tubular acidosis)<br />
*[[Renal failure]]<br />
*[[Gastrointestinal]] loss of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> with [[diarrhea]] (vomiting will tend to cause hypochloraemic [[alkalosis]]).<br />
*Ingestions<br />
**[[Ammonium chloride]], [[Hydrochloric acid]]<br />
**[[Hyperalimentation]] fluids (i.e. [[total parenteral nutrition]])<br />
<br />
* Alcohol (such as ethanol) can effect anion gap by inducing [[alcohol dehydrogenase]] enzyme.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Anion gap]]<br />
*[[Metabolic acidosis]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{FPnotebook|REN2}}<br />
* {{DiseasesDB|11673}}<br />
* [http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/tubularacidosis/ NIH - Renal Tubular Acidosis]<br />
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[[Category:Electrolyte disturbance]]<br />
[[Category:Nephrology]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Hygric_hallucination&diff=545055
Hygric hallucination
2009-05-18T16:08:51Z
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A '''hygric hallucination''' is a [[hallucination]] of a sensation of fluid, within a person's body or outside.<br />
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[[Category:Psychosis]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Fusionviewer&diff=545052
Fusionviewer
2009-05-18T16:05:43Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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'''''FusionViewer''''' is an [[open source]] medical image display package developed by [http://www.insightful.com Insightful Corporation] and the [http://depts.washington.edu/nucmed/IRL/ Imaging Research Laboratory] at [http://www.washington.edu/ University of Washington]. It is designed to improve the physician's ability to interpret the results of combined [[positron emission tomography]] (PET) and [[computed tomography]] (CT) studies. This software is a display application for facilitating and improving visualization. The effective display of the fused data permits easy viewing of the anatomical information provided by the CT images while simultaneously displaying the functional data provided by PET.<br />
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[[Category:Radiography]]<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Hydrosalpinx&diff=545050
Hydrosalpinx
2009-05-18T16:03:47Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox_Disease<br />
| Name = {{PAGENAME}}<br />
| Image = <br />
| Caption = <br />
| DiseasesDB = <br />
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|70|1|n|70}}<br />
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|614.1}}<br />
| ICDO = <br />
| OMIM = <br />
| MedlinePlus = <br />
| eMedicineSubj = <br />
| eMedicineTopic = <br />
| MeshID = <br />
}}<br />
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A '''hydrosalpinx''' is a blocked [[fallopian tube]] filled with fluid. The blocked tube may become substantially distended with fluid. Hydrosalpinx may be diagnosed using [[ultrasound]], or by [[laparoscopy]], or by using a hysterosalpingogram (HSG), a type of X-ray designed that uses a [[contrast agent]] to image the fallopian tubes.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Infertility]]<br />
* [[Pelvic pain]]<br />
* [[Salpingectomy]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Diseases of the pelvis, genitals and breasts}}<br />
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[[Category: Reproductive system]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Hydrosalpinx&diff=545049
Hydrosalpinx
2009-05-18T16:02:56Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{Infobox_Disease<br />
| Name = {{PAGENAME}}<br />
| Image = <br />
| Caption = <br />
| DiseasesDB = <br />
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|N|70|1|n|70}}<br />
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|614.1}}<br />
| ICDO = <br />
| OMIM = <br />
| MedlinePlus = <br />
| eMedicineSubj = <br />
| eMedicineTopic = <br />
| MeshID = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
A '''hydrosalpinx''' is a blocked [[fallopian tube]] filled with fluid. The blocked tube may become substantially distended with fluid. Hydrosalpinx may be diagnosed using [[ultrasound]], or by [[laparoscopy]], or by using a hysterosalpingogram (HSG), a type of X-ray designed that uses a [[contrast agent]] to image the fallopian tubes.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Infertility]]<br />
* [[Pelvic pain]]<br />
* [[Salpingectomy]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Diseases of the pelvis, genitals and breasts}}<br />
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{{SIB}}<br />
[[Reproductive system]]<br />
[[Reproductive disease]]<br />
{{WH}}<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Functional_symptom&diff=545046
Functional symptom
2009-05-18T16:00:06Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
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<div>{{SI}}<br />
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'''Functional symptom''' is sometimes used in [[medicine]] to describe [[symptoms]] that have no current visible organic basis, e.g. if they are a result of [[psychological]] or [[perceptual]] [[dysfunction]]. Historically, functional symptoms tend to be reclassified as organic as investigative techniques improve. It is the opposite of organic symptom.<br />
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[[Category: Medical terms]]<br />
[[Category: Symptoms]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
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Dkhabbaz
https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Functional_symptom&diff=545045
Functional symptom
2009-05-18T15:59:21Z
<p>Dkhabbaz: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{SI}}<br />
{{EH}}<br />
<br />
'''Functional symptom''' is sometimes used in [[medicine]] to describe [[symptoms]] that have no current visible organic basis, e.g. if they are a result of [[psychological]] or [[perceptual]] [[dysfunction]]. Historically, functional symptoms tend to be reclassified as organic as investigative techniques improve. It is the opposite of organic symptom.<br />
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[[Category; Medical terms]]<br />
[[Category: Symptoms]]<br />
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{{WH}}<br />
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Dkhabbaz