wikidoc - User contributions [en]

Onychomycosis classification

2021-07-20T15:51:39Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

__NOTOC__
{{Onychomycosis}}

{{CMG}}
==Overview==
There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].

OR

[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].

OR

Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.

OR

If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:
According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].

OR

The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].

OR

There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].

== Classification ==
* Distal Subungual Onychomycosis: The most common form of tinea unguium usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum, which invades the nail bed and the underside of the nail plate.
* White Superficial Onychomycosis: Caused by fungal invasion of the superficial layers of the nail plate to form "white islands" on the plate. Accounts for only 10 percent of onychomycosis cases.
* Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis: Fungal penetration of the newly formed nail plate through the proximal nail fold. It is the least common form of tinea unguium in healthy people but found more commonly when the patient is immunocompromised.
* Candidal Onychomycosis: Candida species invade fingernails usually occurring in persons who frequently immerse their hands in water. This normally requires the prior damage of the nail by infection or trauma.
* Total Dystrophic Onychomycosis: Total destruction of the nail plate. It is the end result of any of the above four types.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Disease]]

Onychomycosis historical perspective

2021-07-19T13:35:06Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

__NOTOC__
{{Onychomycosis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}

==Overview==
==Historical Perspective==

===Discovery===
* There is limited information about the historical perspective of [disease name].
OR
*[Disease name] was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].

*The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
*In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
*In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].

===Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies===

===Impact on Cultural History===

===Famous Cases===
The following are a few famous cases of [disease name]:

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}

[[Category:Disease]]

Sandbox: S.P

2021-07-14T15:47:30Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: Created page with "SUMA PUSAPATI"

SUMA PUSAPATI

User:SUMA PUSAPATI

2021-07-14T15:46:00Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: Created page with "SUMA PUSAPATI"

SUMA PUSAPATI

Template:S.P

2021-07-14T15:45:34Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: Created page with ""SUMA PUSAPATI,MD[mailto:pusapatisuma1116@gmail.com]""

"[[User: SUMA PUSAPATI|SUMA PUSAPATI,MD]][mailto:pusapatisuma1116@gmail.com]"

Sandbox:H.P

2021-06-29T16:27:24Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: Created page with "haritha"

haritha

Template:H.P

2021-06-29T16:25:41Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: Created page with ""HARITHA PALANISWAMY, MD[mailto:drharithaswamy@gmail.com]""

"[[User:HARITHA PALANISWAMY|HARITHA PALANISWAMY, MD]][mailto:drharithaswamy@gmail.com]"

Cellulitis

2021-06-29T15:02:03Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

__NOTOC__
{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
|-

{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Image = Cellulitis3.JPG |
Caption = Infected left shin |
}}
{{Cellulitis}}

'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''

{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[User:Aditya Govindavarjhulla|Aditya Govindvarjhulla, M.B.B.S.]], {{NE}}

==[[Cellulitis overview|Overview]]==

==[[Cellulitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==

==[[Cellulitis classification|Classification]]==

==[[Cellulitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==

==[[Cellulitis causes|Causes]]==

==[[Cellulitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cellulitis from other Diseases]]==

==[[Cellulitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==

==[[Cellulitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==

==[[Cellulitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==

==Diagnosis==

[[Cellulitis diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Cellulitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cellulitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cellulitis laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Cellulitis chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Cellulitis CT|CT]] | [[Cellulitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Cellulitis ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Cellulitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]

==Treatment==
[[Cellulitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Cellulitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Cellulitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Cellulitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Cellulitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Cellulitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]

==Case Studies==
[[Cellulitis case study one|Case #1]]

{{Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue}}

[[Category:Disease]]

[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Diseases involving the fasciae]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]

{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Headache resident survival guide

2021-06-29T14:58:56Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

<div style="width: 80%;">
__NOTOC__

{{CMG}}; {{AE}}[[User:MoisesRomo|Moises Romo, M.D.]] {{NE}}

'''Synonyms and Keywords:''' ''Approach to headache, Headache management, Headache workup''

''Main article: Headache''
{| class="infobox" style="margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right; width: 100px; background: #A8A8A8; position: fixed; top: 250px; right: 21px; border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" ;
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 85%; background: #A8A8A8" align="center" |{{fontcolor|#2B3B44|Headache Resident Survival Guide Microchapters}}
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Overview|Overview]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Causes|Causes]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#FIRE:Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation|FIRE]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Complete Diagnostic Approach|Diagnosis]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Treatment|Treatment]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Do's|Do's]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Don'ts|Don'ts]]
|}

==Overview==
The first step in headache diagnosis is to determine what kind of headache the patient has, primary or secondary headache disorder.
Primary headaches such as migraine,tension-type, cluster are not caused by another underlying disease, despite secondary headaches are caused by another underlying disorder such as trauma, tumors. For differentiating these two types of headache, history and physical examination are necessary, although neuroimaging and other tests may be needed as well.

==Causes==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" |Primary
| colspan="2" |Migraine
|-
| colspan="2" |Tension- type headache
|-
| colspan="2" |Cluster headache
|-
| rowspan="23" |'''Secondary'''
| rowspan="4" |Extracranial disorders
|Carotid or vertebral artery dissection
|-
|Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
|-
|Glaucoma
|-
|Sinusitis
|-
| rowspan="7" |Intracranial disorders
|Brain space-occupying lesion
|-
|Chiari Type 1 malformation
|-
|CSF leak with low-pressure headache
|-
|Hemorrhage
|-
|Meningitis
|-
|Vascular malformations
|-
|Venous sinus thrombosis
|-
| rowspan="6" |Systemic disorders
|Acute severe hypertension
|-
|Pheochromocytoma
|-
|Fever
|-
|Vasculitis
|-
|Viral infections
|-
|Hypercapnia
|-
| rowspan="4" |Drugs
|Analgesic overdose
|-
|Proton pump inhibitors
|-
|Caffeine withdrawal
|-
|Hormones (estrogen)
|-
| rowspan="2" |Toxins
|Carbonmonoxide
|-
|Nitrates
|}
'''Life-threatening causes''':
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

*[[Brain abscess]]
*[[Cerebral aneurysm]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Hydrocephalus]]
*[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]]
*[[Increased intracranial pressure]]
*[[Intracerebral hemorrhage]]
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Subdural hemorrhage]]

==FIRE==

==Diagnosis==
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of Headache according the American Academy of Neurology guidelines:<ref name="pmid18064751">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker WJ, Gladstone JP, Aubé M |title=Migraine prevalence, diagnosis, and disability |journal=Can J Neurol Sci |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=S3–9 |date=November 2007 |pmid=18064751 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16484650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Latinovic R, Gulliford M, Ridsdale L |title=Headache and migraine in primary care: consultation, prescription, and referral rates in a large population |journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=385–7 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16484650 |pmc=2077680 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.2005.073221 |url=}}</ref>
{{Family tree/start}}
{{Family tree | | | | A01 |-| A02 |-|-|.| |A01= '''Red flags''' •Headache beginning after 50 years old •Increased severity and frequency of headaches •Sudden onset of headache •New onset of headache in cancer and HIV patients •Headache with sign of systemic illness(fever,rash,neck stiffness) •Focal neurological symptoms •Papilledema •Headache subsequent to head trauma | A02= Yes }}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | | | | | | A01 | | |A01=Refer and investigate }}
{{Family tree | | | | A01 |-| A02 |-|-|'| | A01= '''Possible indicators of secondary [[headache]]''' •Unexplained focal signs •Atypical [[headaches]] •Unusual [[headache]] precipitatnts •Unusual aura [[symptoms]] •Onset after after age 50 •Agravatting by [[neck]] movement: abnormal [[neck]] examination findings (consider cervicogenic [[headache]]) •[[Jaw]] [[symptoms]] (consider [[temporomandibular joint]] dysfunction) | A02= Yes }}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | }}
{{Family tree | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | |,|-| A02 | | A01= No | A02= '''[[Migraine]]''' •Acute medications •Monitor for [[medication]] overuse •[[Prophylactic]] [[medication]] if: -[[Headache]] >3 d/mo and acute [[medications]] are not effective OR -[[Headache]] >8 d/mo (risk of overuse) OR -[[Disability]] despite acute [[medication]] }}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | | | B01 |-| B02 |-| B03 |-|+|-| B04 | B01= [[Headache]] with >2 of the following: •[[Nausea]] •[[Light sensitivity]] •Interference with activities Practice points: •[[Migraine]] has been historically underdiagnosed •Considere [[migraine]] diagnosis for recurring "[[sinus]]" [[headaches]] | B02= Yes [[Migraine]] | B03= '''[[Medication]] overuse''' Assess •[[Ergot|Ergots]], [[triptans]], combination [[analgesics]], or [[codeine]] or other [[opioids]] >10 d/mo OR •[[Acetaminophen]] or [[NSAIDs]] >15 d/mo Manage •Educate patient •Considere [[prophylactic]] [[medication]] •Provide an effective acute [[medication]] for severe attacks with limitations on frequency of use •Gradual withdrawal of [[opioids]] if used, or combination [[analgesic]] with [[opioid]] or [[barbiturate]] •Abrupt (or gradual) withdrawal of [[acetaminophen]], [[NSAIDs]] or [[triptans]]| B04= '''[[Behavioral therapy|Behavioral management]]''' •Keep [[Headache|headache diary]]: intensity, triggers, frequency, [[medications]] •Adjust lifestyle factors: reduce [[caffeine]], ensure regular [[exercise]], avoid irregular or inadecuate [[sleep]] or meals •Develope [[stress]] management strategies: relaxation training, [[CBT|CBI]], pacing activity, biofeedback}}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | |!|}}
{{Family tree | | | | B01 | | | | | | |!| | |`|-| B02 | | B01= No | B02= '''[[Tension headache|Tension type headache]]''' •Acute [[medications]] •Monitor for [[medication]] overuse •[[Prophylactic]] [[medication]] disability despite medication}}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | | | |`|-|-| B01 |-| B02 | B01= [[Headache]] with no [[nausea]] but >2 of the following: •[[Bilateral]] [[headache]] •Nonpulsating pain •Not worsened by activity | B02= Yes [[Tension headache|Tension type headache]] }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | B01= No }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 | | B01= '''Uncommon [[headache]] [[syndromes]]''' }}
{{Family tree | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= All of the following: •Frequent [[headache]] •Severe •Brief <3 h per attack) •Unilateral (always same side) •[[Ipsilateral]] [[eye redness]], tearing or restleness during attacks | C02= All of the following: •Unilateral (always same side) •Continuous •Dramatically responsive to [[indomethacin]]| C03= [[Headache]] continuous side onset}}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Yes | C02= Yes | C03=Yes }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= '''[[Cluster headache]] or another [[Trigeminal Neuralgia|trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia]]''' •Management primarly [[pharmacologic]] •Acute medication •[[Prophylactic medication]] •Early specialist referral recommended | C02= '''[[Hemicrania continua]]''' •Specialist referral | C03= '''New daily persistent [[headache]]''' •Specialist referral }}
{{Family tree/end}}

==Treatment==
Shown below is an [[algorithm]] summarizing the [[treatment]] of [[headache]]:<ref name="pmid16484650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Latinovic R, Gulliford M, Ridsdale L |title=Headache and migraine in primary care: consultation, prescription, and referral rates in a large population |journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=385–7 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16484650 |pmc=2077680 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.2005.073221 |url=}}</ref>
{{Family tree/start}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | B01= Patient with headache }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 |-| B02 | | | | B01= Rule about secondary causes and emergency conditions | B02= Treat secondary causes and emergency conditions}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | B01= Patient education and assessment of severity }}
{{Family tree | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Mild to moderate | C02= Associated with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea | C03= Severe }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Simple analgesics: NSAIDs, acetaminophen | C02= Add an antiemetic | C03= Triptans, DHE nasal spray }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Combination of analgesics and caffeine | C02= Inadequate response | C03= Opioid analgesics Butorphanol }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Inadequate response | C02= Considere preventive therapy | C03= Corticosteroids IV valproate }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | C01= Manage as sever migraine }}
{{Family tree/end}}

==Do's==

*Be aware of patients who describe a sudden severe [[thunderclap headache]], described as the worst [[headache]] of their lives. Perform a non-contrasted [[CT scan]] of the [[head]] to rule out [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]]; if negative, perform a [[lumbar puncture]].<ref name="pmid30083630">{{cite journal |vauthors=Montemayor ET, Long B, Pfaff JA, Moore GP |title=Patient with a Subarachnoid Headache |journal=Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=193–196 |date=August 2018 |pmid=30083630 |pmc=6075496 |doi=10.5811/cpcem.2018.5.38417 |url=}}</ref>
*Rule out secondary headache when diagnosing a primary headache disorder.<ref name="pmid26273080">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker WJ, Findlay T, Moga C, Scott NA, Harstall C, Taenzer P |title=Guideline for primary care management of headache in adults |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=61 |issue=8 |pages=670–9 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26273080 |pmc=4541429 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Distinguish [[migraine]] from [[meningitis]] if in addition of [[Photophobia|photophobi]]<nowiki/>a and [[phonophobia]], [[Neck stiffness|neck stiffnes]]<nowiki/>s and fever coexist.<ref name="urlMigraine and Meningitis | JAMA Neurology | JAMA Network">{{cite web |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/579362 |title=Migraine and Meningitis | JAMA Neurology | JAMA Network |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Perform an [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]] of the [[head]], if [[intracranial hypertension]] is suspected. Morning predominant headache accompanied by [[vomiting]] supports the [[diagnosis]] of [[Brain tumor|intracranial tumors]].<ref name="pmid29071043">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sina F, Razmeh S, Habibzadeh N, Zavari A, Nabovvati M |title=Migraine headache in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension |journal=Neurol Int |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=7280 |date=August 2017 |pmid=29071043 |pmc=5641834 |doi=10.4081/or.2017.7280 |url=}}</ref>

 
==Don'ts==

*Do not perform neuroimaging in patients with recurrent headache, normal neurologic examination findings, and absence of red flags.<ref name="pmid26273080">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker WJ, Findlay T, Moga C, Scott NA, Harstall C, Taenzer P |title=Guideline for primary care management of headache in adults |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=61 |issue=8 |pages=670–9 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26273080 |pmc=4541429 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Do not administer [[Drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol]] or [[Norelgestromin and Ethinyl Estradiol]] in patients older than 35.<ref name="urlEthinyl estradiol and norelgestromin (transdermal) Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.drugs.com/mtm/ethinyl-estradiol-and-norelgestromin-transdermal.html |title=Ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin (transdermal) Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.com |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Do not administer [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]] more than 15 days straight do to possible [[rebound headache]].<ref name="pmid29262094">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aleksenko D, Maini K, Sánchez-Manso JC |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=29262094 |doi= |url=}}</ref>

 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Primary care]]

Headache resident survival guide

2021-06-29T14:54:18Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

<div style="width: 80%;">
__NOTOC__

{{CMG}}; {{AE}}[[User:MoisesRomo|Moises Romo, M.D.]] [[N.E]]

'''Synonyms and Keywords:''' ''Approach to headache, Headache management, Headache workup''

''Main article: Headache''
{| class="infobox" style="margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right; width: 100px; background: #A8A8A8; position: fixed; top: 250px; right: 21px; border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" ;
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 85%; background: #A8A8A8" align="center" |{{fontcolor|#2B3B44|Headache Resident Survival Guide Microchapters}}
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Overview|Overview]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Causes|Causes]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#FIRE:Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation|FIRE]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Complete Diagnostic Approach|Diagnosis]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Treatment|Treatment]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Do's|Do's]]
|-
! style="font-size: 80%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align="left" |[[{{PAGENAME}}#Don'ts|Don'ts]]
|}

==Overview==
The first step in headache diagnosis is to determine what kind of headache the patient has, primary or secondary headache disorder.
Primary headaches such as migraine,tension-type, cluster are not caused by another underlying disease, despite secondary headaches are caused by another underlying disorder such as trauma, tumors. For differentiating these two types of headache, history and physical examination are necessary, although neuroimaging and other tests may be needed as well.

==Causes==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" |Primary
| colspan="2" |Migraine
|-
| colspan="2" |Tension- type headache
|-
| colspan="2" |Cluster headache
|-
| rowspan="23" |'''Secondary'''
| rowspan="4" |Extracranial disorders
|Carotid or vertebral artery dissection
|-
|Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
|-
|Glaucoma
|-
|Sinusitis
|-
| rowspan="7" |Intracranial disorders
|Brain space-occupying lesion
|-
|Chiari Type 1 malformation
|-
|CSF leak with low-pressure headache
|-
|Hemorrhage
|-
|Meningitis
|-
|Vascular malformations
|-
|Venous sinus thrombosis
|-
| rowspan="6" |Systemic disorders
|Acute severe hypertension
|-
|Pheochromocytoma
|-
|Fever
|-
|Vasculitis
|-
|Viral infections
|-
|Hypercapnia
|-
| rowspan="4" |Drugs
|Analgesic overdose
|-
|Proton pump inhibitors
|-
|Caffeine withdrawal
|-
|Hormones (estrogen)
|-
| rowspan="2" |Toxins
|Carbonmonoxide
|-
|Nitrates
|}
'''Life-threatening causes''':
Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

*[[Brain abscess]]
*[[Cerebral aneurysm]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Hydrocephalus]]
*[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]]
*[[Increased intracranial pressure]]
*[[Intracerebral hemorrhage]]
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Subdural hemorrhage]]

==FIRE==

==Diagnosis==
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the diagnosis of Headache according the American Academy of Neurology guidelines:<ref name="pmid18064751">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker WJ, Gladstone JP, Aubé M |title=Migraine prevalence, diagnosis, and disability |journal=Can J Neurol Sci |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=S3–9 |date=November 2007 |pmid=18064751 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16484650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Latinovic R, Gulliford M, Ridsdale L |title=Headache and migraine in primary care: consultation, prescription, and referral rates in a large population |journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=385–7 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16484650 |pmc=2077680 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.2005.073221 |url=}}</ref>
{{Family tree/start}}
{{Family tree | | | | A01 |-| A02 |-|-|.| |A01= '''Red flags''' •Headache beginning after 50 years old •Increased severity and frequency of headaches •Sudden onset of headache •New onset of headache in cancer and HIV patients •Headache with sign of systemic illness(fever,rash,neck stiffness) •Focal neurological symptoms •Papilledema •Headache subsequent to head trauma | A02= Yes }}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | | | | | | A01 | | |A01=Refer and investigate }}
{{Family tree | | | | A01 |-| A02 |-|-|'| | A01= '''Possible indicators of secondary [[headache]]''' •Unexplained focal signs •Atypical [[headaches]] •Unusual [[headache]] precipitatnts •Unusual aura [[symptoms]] •Onset after after age 50 •Agravatting by [[neck]] movement: abnormal [[neck]] examination findings (consider cervicogenic [[headache]]) •[[Jaw]] [[symptoms]] (consider [[temporomandibular joint]] dysfunction) | A02= Yes }}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | }}
{{Family tree | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | |,|-| A02 | | A01= No | A02= '''[[Migraine]]''' •Acute medications •Monitor for [[medication]] overuse •[[Prophylactic]] [[medication]] if: -[[Headache]] >3 d/mo and acute [[medications]] are not effective OR -[[Headache]] >8 d/mo (risk of overuse) OR -[[Disability]] despite acute [[medication]] }}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | | | B01 |-| B02 |-| B03 |-|+|-| B04 | B01= [[Headache]] with >2 of the following: •[[Nausea]] •[[Light sensitivity]] •Interference with activities Practice points: •[[Migraine]] has been historically underdiagnosed •Considere [[migraine]] diagnosis for recurring "[[sinus]]" [[headaches]] | B02= Yes [[Migraine]] | B03= '''[[Medication]] overuse''' Assess •[[Ergot|Ergots]], [[triptans]], combination [[analgesics]], or [[codeine]] or other [[opioids]] >10 d/mo OR •[[Acetaminophen]] or [[NSAIDs]] >15 d/mo Manage •Educate patient •Considere [[prophylactic]] [[medication]] •Provide an effective acute [[medication]] for severe attacks with limitations on frequency of use •Gradual withdrawal of [[opioids]] if used, or combination [[analgesic]] with [[opioid]] or [[barbiturate]] •Abrupt (or gradual) withdrawal of [[acetaminophen]], [[NSAIDs]] or [[triptans]]| B04= '''[[Behavioral therapy|Behavioral management]]''' •Keep [[Headache|headache diary]]: intensity, triggers, frequency, [[medications]] •Adjust lifestyle factors: reduce [[caffeine]], ensure regular [[exercise]], avoid irregular or inadecuate [[sleep]] or meals •Develope [[stress]] management strategies: relaxation training, [[CBT|CBI]], pacing activity, biofeedback}}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | |!|}}
{{Family tree | | | | B01 | | | | | | |!| | |`|-| B02 | | B01= No | B02= '''[[Tension headache|Tension type headache]]''' •Acute [[medications]] •Monitor for [[medication]] overuse •[[Prophylactic]] [[medication]] disability despite medication}}
{{Family tree | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | | | |`|-|-| B01 |-| B02 | B01= [[Headache]] with no [[nausea]] but >2 of the following: •[[Bilateral]] [[headache]] •Nonpulsating pain •Not worsened by activity | B02= Yes [[Tension headache|Tension type headache]] }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | B01= No }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 | | B01= '''Uncommon [[headache]] [[syndromes]]''' }}
{{Family tree | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= All of the following: •Frequent [[headache]] •Severe •Brief <3 h per attack) •Unilateral (always same side) •[[Ipsilateral]] [[eye redness]], tearing or restleness during attacks | C02= All of the following: •Unilateral (always same side) •Continuous •Dramatically responsive to [[indomethacin]]| C03= [[Headache]] continuous side onset}}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Yes | C02= Yes | C03=Yes }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= '''[[Cluster headache]] or another [[Trigeminal Neuralgia|trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia]]''' •Management primarly [[pharmacologic]] •Acute medication •[[Prophylactic medication]] •Early specialist referral recommended | C02= '''[[Hemicrania continua]]''' •Specialist referral | C03= '''New daily persistent [[headache]]''' •Specialist referral }}
{{Family tree/end}}

==Treatment==
Shown below is an [[algorithm]] summarizing the [[treatment]] of [[headache]]:<ref name="pmid16484650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Latinovic R, Gulliford M, Ridsdale L |title=Headache and migraine in primary care: consultation, prescription, and referral rates in a large population |journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=385–7 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16484650 |pmc=2077680 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.2005.073221 |url=}}</ref>
{{Family tree/start}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | B01= Patient with headache }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 |-| B02 | | | | B01= Rule about secondary causes and emergency conditions | B02= Treat secondary causes and emergency conditions}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | B01= Patient education and assessment of severity }}
{{Family tree | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Mild to moderate | C02= Associated with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea | C03= Severe }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Simple analgesics: NSAIDs, acetaminophen | C02= Add an antiemetic | C03= Triptans, DHE nasal spray }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Combination of analgesics and caffeine | C02= Inadequate response | C03= Opioid analgesics Butorphanol }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | C03 | C01= Inadequate response | C02= Considere preventive therapy | C03= Corticosteroids IV valproate }}
{{Family tree | | |!| | }}
{{Family tree | | C01 | | | C01= Manage as sever migraine }}
{{Family tree/end}}

==Do's==

*Be aware of patients who describe a sudden severe [[thunderclap headache]], described as the worst [[headache]] of their lives. Perform a non-contrasted [[CT scan]] of the [[head]] to rule out [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]]; if negative, perform a [[lumbar puncture]].<ref name="pmid30083630">{{cite journal |vauthors=Montemayor ET, Long B, Pfaff JA, Moore GP |title=Patient with a Subarachnoid Headache |journal=Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=193–196 |date=August 2018 |pmid=30083630 |pmc=6075496 |doi=10.5811/cpcem.2018.5.38417 |url=}}</ref>
*Rule out secondary headache when diagnosing a primary headache disorder.<ref name="pmid26273080">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker WJ, Findlay T, Moga C, Scott NA, Harstall C, Taenzer P |title=Guideline for primary care management of headache in adults |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=61 |issue=8 |pages=670–9 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26273080 |pmc=4541429 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Distinguish [[migraine]] from [[meningitis]] if in addition of [[Photophobia|photophobi]]<nowiki/>a and [[phonophobia]], [[Neck stiffness|neck stiffnes]]<nowiki/>s and fever coexist.<ref name="urlMigraine and Meningitis | JAMA Neurology | JAMA Network">{{cite web |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/579362 |title=Migraine and Meningitis | JAMA Neurology | JAMA Network |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Perform an [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]] of the [[head]], if [[intracranial hypertension]] is suspected. Morning predominant headache accompanied by [[vomiting]] supports the [[diagnosis]] of [[Brain tumor|intracranial tumors]].<ref name="pmid29071043">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sina F, Razmeh S, Habibzadeh N, Zavari A, Nabovvati M |title=Migraine headache in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension |journal=Neurol Int |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=7280 |date=August 2017 |pmid=29071043 |pmc=5641834 |doi=10.4081/or.2017.7280 |url=}}</ref>

 
==Don'ts==

*Do not perform neuroimaging in patients with recurrent headache, normal neurologic examination findings, and absence of red flags.<ref name="pmid26273080">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker WJ, Findlay T, Moga C, Scott NA, Harstall C, Taenzer P |title=Guideline for primary care management of headache in adults |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=61 |issue=8 |pages=670–9 |date=August 2015 |pmid=26273080 |pmc=4541429 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Do not administer [[Drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol]] or [[Norelgestromin and Ethinyl Estradiol]] in patients older than 35.<ref name="urlEthinyl estradiol and norelgestromin (transdermal) Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.drugs.com/mtm/ethinyl-estradiol-and-norelgestromin-transdermal.html |title=Ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin (transdermal) Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.com |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Do not administer [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]] more than 15 days straight do to possible [[rebound headache]].<ref name="pmid29262094">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aleksenko D, Maini K, Sánchez-Manso JC |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=29262094 |doi= |url=}}</ref>

 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Primary care]]

Infectious disease status update

2021-06-09T13:00:17Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* List of Chapters Requiring Content */

__NOTOC__

{{CMG}}'''; {{AE}} {{Hudakarman}}
{{Organ System Project}}
'''System leader: '''[[User:Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny|Niloofarsadaat Eshagh Hosseiny, M.D.]]
==Status Updates==
{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" align="center" |class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" |Resident survival guide Progress
|-
|Completed
|15
|-
|In progress
|3
|-
|Remaining
|2
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" |Primary care chapter Progress
|-
|Completed
|18
|-
|In progress
|2
|-
|Remaining
|0
|}

==Primary Care==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="4" |Primary care chapters
! colspan="3" |Primary care resident survival guides
|-
!Specialty
!Topic
!Author
!Status
!Resident Survival Guide Page
!Author
!Status
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Community acquired pneumonia]]
|Nazma
|complete
|[[Community acquired pneumonia resident survival guide]]||Chetan:Rim||Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Urinary tract infection]]
|
|Complete
|[[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide]]||Ogheneochuko||Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Sinusitis]]||Fatemeh|||complete
|[[Sinusitis resident survival guide]]
|Moises
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Pharyngitis|Sore throat]]||Delband||complete
|[[Sore throat resident survival guide]]
|Mydah
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Otalgia|Ear pain]]
|Wardah
|complete
|[[Ear pain resident survival guide]]
|wardah
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Cellulitis]]
|Saud khan
|complete
|[[Cellulitis resident survival guide]]||Mydah
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Diabetic foot]]
|
|complete||[[Diabetic foot resident survival guide]]||Ifrah
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Meningitis]]||Niloofar||complete

|[[Meningitis resident survival guide]]||Niloofar
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Fever of unknown origin]]
|Mati
|complete
|[[Fever of unknown origin resident survival guide]]||Gerry
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Rash with fever|Fever and rash]]
|Lovepreet
|complete
|[[Rash with fever resident survival guide]]||Rinky
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Norovirus infection]]
|fatemeh
|complete
|[[Norovirus outbreak resident survival guide]]||Twinkle||Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Sepsis]]
|
|complete
|[[Sepsis resident survival guide]]||Ahmed||Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Tb|Tuberculosis]]
|Mashal, Mohamed Riad
|In progress
|[[Tuberculosis resident survival guide|Tuberculosis resident survival guide]]
|Moises
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Lyme Disease|Lyme disease]]
|
|complete
|[[Lyme resident survival guide]]
|chidinma abara
|in progress
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Botulism]]
|
|complete
|[[Botulism resident survival guide]]
|Mounika
|in progress
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[HIV]]
|kanwal
|complete
|[[HIV resident survival guide]]
|kanwal
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Influenza (Flu) (For Medical Professionals)|Influnza]]
|
|complete
|[[Influenza resident survival guide|Influnza resident survival guide]]
|Mounika
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[STD]]
|
|complete
|[[STD resident survival guide]]
|
|
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Gastroenteritis, eosinophilic|Gastroentritis]]
|kanwal
|Needs review
|[[Gastroentritis survival guide]]
|
|
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Hepatitis]]
|Nazma
|complete
|[[Hepatitis survival guide]]
|kanwal
|in progress
|}

==Status Update==
{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" align="center" |class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" |Progress
|-
|Completed
|
|-
|In progress
|
|-
|Remaining
|
|}
==List of Chapters Requiring Content==

{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Category}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Chapters that need content}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Assignment Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Scholar's name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Coach name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Completion Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Review status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Reviewer name}}
|-
| rowspan="22" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" |Infectious Diseases
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Typhlitis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Assigned
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Archana
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sahar
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |In progress
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Colorado Tick Fever Virus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Anaplasmosis( Assigned)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Treponematoses (Bejel)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Relapsing fever
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Assigned
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Roghayeh
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Babesiosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Algal Blooms
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Trichuriasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Dracunculiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Onchocerciasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Clonorchiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Paragonimus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hymenolepis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Viscera larval migrans
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Rift valley fever
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sarcocystis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Rhodococcus equi infection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Botryomycosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hantavirus 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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|-

|}

==In progress chapters==

{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Category}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Chapters that need content}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Assignment Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Scholar's name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Coach name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Completion Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Review status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Reviewer name}}
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| rowspan="22" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" |Infectious Diseases
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|}

==Completed chapters==

{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Category}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Chapters that need content}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Assignment Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Scholar's name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Coach name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Completion Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Review status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Reviewer name}}
|-
| rowspan="22" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" |Infectious Diseases
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Strongyloidiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Enterobiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mohsin
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Cryptococcus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aravind
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mucormycosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hassan
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Molluscum Contagiosum
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mahshid
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Psittacosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Damola
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Q fever
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aravind
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Dermatophytosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hasan
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Trypanosomiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Filariasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ahmad E
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Diphyllobothrium
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mohsin
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Echinococcosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aravind/Aditya
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Streptococcal pneumonia infection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Usama
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hantavirus infection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya,Mehdi,Usama,Mohsin
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Bourbon virus infection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hasan, Usama, Aditya, Aravind
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Trichuriasis/whipworm
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aravind
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Toxoplasmosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Microsporidiosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ahmad Y
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tetanus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Usama
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sepsis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Roseola (Exanthem subitum)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Damola
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Chicken pox
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mehdi/Aravind 2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|
|Bronchiolitis
|Ahmed E.
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Mastoiditis
|Mehrain
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Common cold
|Ahmad Y
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|TSS
|Mahshid & Hassan
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Impetigo
|Usama
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Rotavirus infection
|Ahmed.E
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Rubella Infection
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|Staphylococcus aureus Infection
|Usama
|
|
|
|
|}

Infectious disease status update

2021-06-09T12:59:07Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* List of Chapters Requiring Content */

__NOTOC__

{{CMG}}'''; {{AE}} {{Hudakarman}}
{{Organ System Project}}
'''System leader: '''[[User:Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny|Niloofarsadaat Eshagh Hosseiny, M.D.]]
==Status Updates==
{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" align="center" |class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" |Resident survival guide Progress
|-
|Completed
|15
|-
|In progress
|3
|-
|Remaining
|2
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" |Primary care chapter Progress
|-
|Completed
|18
|-
|In progress
|2
|-
|Remaining
|0
|}

==Primary Care==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="4" |Primary care chapters
! colspan="3" |Primary care resident survival guides
|-
!Specialty
!Topic
!Author
!Status
!Resident Survival Guide Page
!Author
!Status
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Community acquired pneumonia]]
|Nazma
|complete
|[[Community acquired pneumonia resident survival guide]]||Chetan:Rim||Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Urinary tract infection]]
|
|Complete
|[[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide]]||Ogheneochuko||Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Sinusitis]]||Fatemeh|||complete
|[[Sinusitis resident survival guide]]
|Moises
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Pharyngitis|Sore throat]]||Delband||complete
|[[Sore throat resident survival guide]]
|Mydah
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Otalgia|Ear pain]]
|Wardah
|complete
|[[Ear pain resident survival guide]]
|wardah
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Cellulitis]]
|Saud khan
|complete
|[[Cellulitis resident survival guide]]||Mydah
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Diabetic foot]]
|
|complete||[[Diabetic foot resident survival guide]]||Ifrah
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Meningitis]]||Niloofar||complete

|[[Meningitis resident survival guide]]||Niloofar
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Fever of unknown origin]]
|Mati
|complete
|[[Fever of unknown origin resident survival guide]]||Gerry
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Rash with fever|Fever and rash]]
|Lovepreet
|complete
|[[Rash with fever resident survival guide]]||Rinky
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Norovirus infection]]
|fatemeh
|complete
|[[Norovirus outbreak resident survival guide]]||Twinkle||Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Sepsis]]
|
|complete
|[[Sepsis resident survival guide]]||Ahmed||Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases||[[Tb|Tuberculosis]]
|Mashal, Mohamed Riad
|In progress
|[[Tuberculosis resident survival guide|Tuberculosis resident survival guide]]
|Moises
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Lyme Disease|Lyme disease]]
|
|complete
|[[Lyme resident survival guide]]
|chidinma abara
|in progress
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Botulism]]
|
|complete
|[[Botulism resident survival guide]]
|Mounika
|in progress
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[HIV]]
|kanwal
|complete
|[[HIV resident survival guide]]
|kanwal
|complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Influenza (Flu) (For Medical Professionals)|Influnza]]
|
|complete
|[[Influenza resident survival guide|Influnza resident survival guide]]
|Mounika
|Complete
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[STD]]
|
|complete
|[[STD resident survival guide]]
|
|
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Gastroenteritis, eosinophilic|Gastroentritis]]
|kanwal
|Needs review
|[[Gastroentritis survival guide]]
|
|
|-
|Infectious Diseases
|[[Hepatitis]]
|Nazma
|complete
|[[Hepatitis survival guide]]
|kanwal
|in progress
|}

==Status Update==
{| class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1" align="center" |class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" |Progress
|-
|Completed
|
|-
|In progress
|
|-
|Remaining
|
|}
==List of Chapters Requiring Content==

{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Category}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Chapters that need content}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Assignment Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Scholar's name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Coach name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Completion Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Review status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Reviewer name}}
|-
| rowspan="22" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" |Infectious Diseases
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Typhlitis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Assigned
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Archana
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sahar
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |In progress
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Colorado Tick Fever Virus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Assigned
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Fizza
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Niloo
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |in progress
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Anaplasmosis( Assigned)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Treponematoses (Bejel)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Relapsing fever
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Assigned
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Roghayeh
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Babesiosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Algal Blooms
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Trichuriasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Dracunculiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Onchocerciasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Clonorchiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Paragonimus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hymenolepis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Viscera larval migrans
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Rift valley fever
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sarcocystis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Rhodococcus equi infection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Botryomycosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hantavirus 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-

|}

==In progress chapters==

{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Category}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Chapters that need content}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Assignment Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Scholar's name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Coach name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Completion Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Review status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Reviewer name}}
|-
| rowspan="22" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" |Infectious Diseases
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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==Completed chapters==

{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Category}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Chapters that need content}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Assignment Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Scholar's name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Coach name}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Completion Status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Review status}}
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Reviewer name}}
|-
| rowspan="22" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" |Infectious Diseases
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Strongyloidiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Enterobiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mohsin
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Cryptococcus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aravind
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mucormycosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hassan
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Molluscum Contagiosum
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mahshid
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Psittacosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Damola
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Q fever
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aravind
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Dermatophytosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hasan
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Trypanosomiasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Filariasis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ahmad E
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Diphyllobothrium
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mohsin
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Echinococcosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aravind/Aditya
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Streptococcal pneumonia infection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Usama
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hantavirus infection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya,Mehdi,Usama,Mohsin
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Bourbon virus infection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hasan, Usama, Aditya, Aravind
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Trichuriasis/whipworm
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aravind
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Toxoplasmosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Microsporidiosis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ahmad Y
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tetanus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Usama
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sepsis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Aditya
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Roseola (Exanthem subitum)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Damola
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Chicken pox
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mehdi/Aravind 2
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|
|Bronchiolitis
|Ahmed E.
|
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|-
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|Mastoiditis
|Mehrain
|
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|-
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|Common cold
|Ahmad Y
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|-
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|TSS
|Mahshid & Hassan
|
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|-
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|Impetigo
|Usama
|
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|Rotavirus infection
|Ahmed.E
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|Rubella Infection
|
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|Staphylococcus aureus Infection
|Usama
|
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|}

Labyrinthitis

2021-05-27T12:02:03Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

__NOTOC__

{{SI}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}} {{F.Z}}

{{SK}} Otitis interna
==Overview==
Labyrinthitis is self-limiting [[inner ear]] disorder, often secondary to [[viral infection]]. The infection of vestibular neuron and labyrinth primary affects balance and hearing. The condition is commonly called as vestibular neuritis/ [[vestibular neuronitis.]] It is basically an inflammatory process of the [[labyrinth]], which is the [[inner ear]], and contains the [[vestibular system]]. Thus, it is responsible for sensing the position of the [[head]] and [[body]] on the whole. It contains fluid-filled channels, which in turn control the [[Balance disorder|balance of the body]] and [[hearing]]. With any movement, the fluid moves in the channels and transmits electrical signals to the [[brain]], thus helping the body to balance. Due to the difference in the transmitted signals from the [[inflamed]] and noninflamed [[ear]], derangements can occur, which ultimately makes the person feel dizzy .Along with balance problems, patients often experience [[hearing loss]] and [[tinnitus]]. Usually caused by a [[virus]], or from [[bacteria|bacterial]] infection,[[upper respiratory tract infection]], labyrinthitis can also occur due to [[head injury]], an [[allergy]] or as adverse drug reaction to any [[medicine]]. Although rare, all these can cause permanent hearing loss. Labyrinthitis is also known as Vestibular neuritis or acute peripheral vestibulopathy . Mostly, it is a self-limited disorder, with acute short term symptoms like [[vertigo]], [[nausea]], vomiting, and [[Gait abnormality|gait impairment]], with complete recovery in most patients. Another common condition associated with [[labyrinthitis]] is anxiety, which produces tremors, palpitations, panic attacks, and depression. in many cases, panic attacks and anxiety are the first symptoms to be associated with labyrinthitis.

==Classification==

*Viral labyrinthitis: This is caused by an viral upper respiratory tract infection, which includes cold or flu. Apart from this, many other viruses like the varicella-zoster virus, and the mumps, measles, and rubella viruses can also cause labyrinthitis . This type of disease is the most prevalent.<ref name="pmid6606097">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karmody CS |title=Viral labyrinthitis: early pathology in the human |journal=Laryngoscope |volume=93 |issue=12 |pages=1527–33 |date=December 1983 |pmid=6606097 |doi=10.1288/00005537-198312000-00001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7086745">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brill GC |title=Acute labyrinthitis: a possible association with influenza |journal=J R Coll Gen Pract |volume=32 |issue=234 |pages=47–50 |date=January 1982 |pmid=7086745 |pmc=1970972 |doi= |url=}}</ref>

*Bacterial labyrinthitis: This is second most common after viral infections, often, occurring as a complication of infection in the middle ear,(otitis media)<ref name="pmid15744821">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jang CH, Park SY, Wang PC |title=A case of tympanogenic labyrinthitis complicated by acute otitis media |journal=Yonsei Med. J. |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=161–5 |date=February 2005 |pmid=15744821 |pmc=2823044 |doi=10.3349/ymj.2005.46.1.161 |url=}}</ref>. Often, there is sudden unilateral hearing loss, dizziness, and vertigo. These are more prevalent in children than in adults. The best treatment approach is with antibiotics, which successfully manages the bacterial labyrinthitis and causes full recovery.

*Autoimmune labyrinthitis: This type of labyrinthitis is rare and lesser prevalent than others.<ref name="pmid12637613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baloh RW |title=Clinical practice. Vestibular neuritis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=348 |issue=11 |pages=1027–32 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12637613 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp021154 |url=}}</ref

*Labyrinthitis ossificans: It is due to chronic infection or destructive process. <ref name="pmid27221575">{{cite journal| author=Kaya S, Paparella MM, Cureoglu S| title=Pathologic Findings of the Cochlea in Labyrinthitis Ossificans Associated with the Round Window Membrane. | journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2016 | volume= 155 | issue= 4 | pages= 635-40 | pmid=27221575 | doi=10.1177/0194599816651245 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27221575 }} </ref>

*Conditions causing damage to the cochlea inside your inner ear like meningitis, circulatory problems, or Ménière’s disease.

*Tympanogenic labyrinthitis: It is secondary to middle ear disease (rare intratemporal complication of otitis media). It is rare due to early diagnosis and treatment of otitis media with antibiotics now a days.<ref name="pmid15744821">{{cite journal| author=Jang CH, Park SY, Wang PC| title=A case of tympanogenic labyrinthitis complicated by acute otitis media. | journal=Yonsei Med J | year= 2005 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 161-5 | pmid=15744821 | doi=10.3349/ymj.2005.46.1.161 | pmc=2823044 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15744821 }} </ref>

==Differential diagnosis==

Conditions which mimic Labyrinthitis are<ref name="pmid21603405">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thompson TL, Amedee R |title=Vertigo: a review of common peripheral and central vestibular disorders |journal=Ochsner J |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=20–6 |date=2009 |pmid=21603405 |pmc=3096243 |doi= |url=}}</ref>:

*Meniere's disease
*Migraine headache
*Stroke
*Intracranial hemorrhage (intralabyrinthine hemorrhage)<ref name="pmid20862477">{{cite journal| author=Dubrulle F, Kohler R, Vincent C, Puech P, Ernst O| title=Differential diagnosis and prognosis of T1-weighted post-gadolinium intralabyrinthine hyperintensities. | journal=Eur Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 20 | issue= 11 | pages= 2628-36 | pmid=20862477 | doi=10.1007/s00330-010-1835-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20862477 }} </ref>
*Damage to the vascular structures in the neck
*Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
*Brain tumor(schwannoma)<ref name="pmid20862477">{{cite journal| author=Dubrulle F, Kohler R, Vincent C, Puech P, Ernst O| title=Differential diagnosis and prognosis of T1-weighted post-gadolinium intralabyrinthine hyperintensities. | journal=Eur Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 20 | issue= 11 | pages= 2628-36 | pmid=20862477 | doi=10.1007/s00330-010-1835-2 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20862477 }} </ref>

 
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
| colspan="5" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para-clinical findings
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gold standard'''
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Symptoms'''
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acute onset
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Recurrency
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Nystagmus
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hearing problems
|-
| colspan="10" style="background: #7d7d7d; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Peripheral'''
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Benign_paroxysmal_positional_vertigo BPPV]<ref name="pmid20607044">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee SH, Kim JS |title=Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo |journal=J Clin Neurol |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=51–63 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20607044 |pmc=2895225 |doi=10.3988/jcn.2010.6.2.51 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11771020">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MB, Bath AP, Rutka JA |title=Are all atypical positional nystagmus patterns reflective of central pathology? |journal=J Otolaryngol |volume=30 |issue=5 |pages=280–2 |date=October 2001 |pmid=11771020 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24642523">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dorresteijn PM, Ipenburg NA, Murphy KJ, Smit M, van Vulpen JK, Wegner I, Stegeman I, Grolman W |title=Rapid Systematic Review of Normal Audiometry Results as a Predictor for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo |journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=150 |issue=6 |pages=919–24 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24642523 |doi=10.1177/0194599814527233 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*+ [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Dix-Hallpike_test Dix-Hallpike maneuver]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Dix-Hallpike_test Dix-Hallpike maneuver]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*May be associated with [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nausea nausea], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Vomiting vomiting], and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gait_abnormality gait instability]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Vestibular_neuronitis Vestibular neuritis]<ref name="pmid18283159">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mandalà M, Nuti D, Broman AT, Zee DS |title=Effectiveness of careful bedside examination in assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis of vestibular neuritis |journal=Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. |volume=134 |issue=2 |pages=164–9 |date=February 2008 |pmid=18283159 |doi=10.1001/archoto.2007.35 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | + /−
(unilateral)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*+ Head thrust test
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/History_and_Physical_examination History/ Physical exam]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*May be associated with [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nausea nausea], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Vomiting vomiting], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gait_abnormality gait instability] and previous [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Upper_respiratory_infection upper respiratory infection]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/M%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re's_disease Meniere disease]<ref name="Watanabe1980">{{cite journal|last1=Watanabe|first1=Isamu|title=Ménière’s Disease|journal=ORL|volume=42|issue=1-2|year=1980|pages=20–45|issn=1423-0275|doi=10.1159/000275477}}</ref><ref name="pmid9487176">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saeed SR |title=Fortnightly review. Diagnosis and treatment of Ménière's disease |journal=BMJ |volume=316 |issue=7128 |pages=368–72 |date=January 1998 |pmid=9487176 |pmc=2665527 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | + (Progressive)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sensorineural_hearing_loss Sensorineural hearing loss]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*In [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CT_scan CT scan] we may see small or invisible [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Vestibular_aqueduct vestibular aqueduct]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/History_and_Physical_examination History/ Physical exam]/ Rulling out other diagnoses
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*May be associated with [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nausea_and_vomiting nausea], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nausea_and_vomiting vomiting], and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Tinnitus tinnitus]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Labyrinthine concussion
<ref name="DürrerPoláčková1971">{{cite journal|last1=Dürrer|first1=J.|last2=Poláčková|first2=J.|title=Labyrinthine Concussion|journal=ORL|volume=33|issue=3|year=1971|pages=185–190|issn=1423-0275|doi=10.1159/000274994}}</ref><ref name="pmid24653897">{{cite journal |vauthors=Choi MS, Shin SO, Yeon JY, Choi YS, Kim J, Park SK |title=Clinical characteristics of labyrinthine concussion |journal=Korean J Audiol |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=13–7 |date=April 2013 |pmid=24653897 |pmc=3936518 |doi=10.7874/kja.2013.17.1.13 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/High_frequency_hearing_loss high frequency hearing loss]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*We may see other evidences of [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Head_trauma head trauma] or [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Temporal_bone temporal bone] [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Fracture fracture]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/History_and_Physical_examination History/ Physical exam]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*It happens following blunt [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Head_trauma head trauma]
*May be associated with [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Dizziness dizziness] or [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Tinnitus tinnitus]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Semicircular canal
dehiscence syndrome

<ref name="pmid15655395">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lempert T, von Brevern M |title=Episodic vertigo |journal=Curr. Opin. Neurol. |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=5–9 |date=February 2005 |pmid=15655395 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10680810">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watson SR, Halmagyi GM, Colebatch JG |title=Vestibular hypersensitivity to sound (Tullio phenomenon): structural and functional assessment |journal=Neurology |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=722–8 |date=February 2000 |pmid=10680810 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
(air-bone gaps on audiometry)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Tullio_phenomenon Tullio phenomenon]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CT_scan CT scan] may show defect in the arcuate eminence of the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Superior_semicircular_canal superior semicircular canal]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/History_and_Physical_examination History/ Physical exam]/[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Imaging Imaging]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*It may be provoked by [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Valsalva_maneuver Valsalva maneuver], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cough coughing], and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sneeze sneezing]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Vestibular paroxysmia
<ref name="HufnerBarresi2008">{{cite journal|last1=Hufner|first1=K.|last2=Barresi|first2=D.|last3=Glaser|first3=M.|last4=Linn|first4=J.|last5=Adrion|first5=C.|last6=Mansmann|first6=U.|last7=Brandt|first7=T.|last8=Strupp|first8=M.|title=Vestibular paroxysmia: Diagnostic features and medical treatment|journal=Neurology|volume=71|issue=13|year=2008|pages=1006–1014|issn=0028-3878|doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000326594.91291.f8}}</ref><ref name="pmid23400324">{{cite journal |vauthors=Strupp M, von Stuckrad-Barre S, Brandt T, Tonn JC |title=Teaching neuroimages: Compression of the eighth cranial nerve causes vestibular paroxysmia |journal=Neurology |volume=80 |issue=7 |pages=e77 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23400324 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e318281cc2c |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18809837">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hüfner K, Barresi D, Glaser M, Linn J, Adrion C, Mansmann U, Brandt T, Strupp M |title=Vestibular paroxysmia: diagnostic features and medical treatment |journal=Neurology |volume=71 |issue=13 |pages=1006–14 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18809837 |doi=10.1212/01.wnl.0000326594.91291.f8 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
(Induced by [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Hyperventilation hyperventilation])
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Impaired [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Caloric_reflex_test caloric testing]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*We may see evidence of [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Vestibulocochlear_nerve vestibulocochlear nerve] compression on [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/MRI MRI]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/History_and_Physical_examination History/ Physical exam]/Imaging
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*It may be provoked by head turn or other action
*They respond well to treatment with [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Carbamazepine carbamazepine] or [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Oxcarbazepine oxcarbazepine]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Vestibular_schwannoma Vestibular schwannoma]<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Robert W. Foley]], [[Shahram Shirazi]], [[Robert M. Maweni]], [[Kay Walsh]], [[Rory McConn Walsh]], [[Mohsen Javadpour]] & [[Daniel Rawluk]]
| title = Signs and Symptoms of Acoustic Neuroma at Initial Presentation: An Exploratory Analysis
| journal = [[Cureus]]
| volume = 9
| issue = 11
| pages = e1846
| year = 2017
| month = November
| doi = 10.7759/cureus.1846
| pmid = 29348989
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[E. P. Lin]] & [[B. T. Crane]]
| title = The Management and Imaging of Vestibular Schwannomas
| journal = [[AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology]]
| volume = 38
| issue = 11
| pages = 2034–2043
| year = 2017
| month = November
| doi = 10.3174/ajnr.A5213
| pmid = 28546250
}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Sensorineural_hearing_loss Sensorineural hearing loss]
*+ [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Rinne_test Rinne test]
*Lateralization of [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Weber_test Weber test] to the normal [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ear ear]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*In [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CT_scan CT scan] we may see erosion, and widening of the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Internal_auditory_meatus internal acoustic meatus]
*Hypointense [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mass mass] on T1-weighted [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/MRI MRI], and hyperintense [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mass mass] on T2-weighted [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/MRI MRI]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Imaging Imaging]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gadolinium Gadolinium]-enhanced [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/MRI MRI] scan is definitive diagnostic test of [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Vestibular_schwannoma acoutic neuroma]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Otitis_media Otitis media]<ref name="urlEar infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000638.htm |title=Ear infection - acute: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25213276">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rettig E, Tunkel DE |title=Contemporary concepts in management of acute otitis media in children |journal=Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=651–72 |year=2014 |pmid=25213276 |pmc=4393005 |doi=10.1016/j.otc.2014.06.006 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Fever
*Presence of effusion in the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Middle_ear middle ear]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Increased [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acute_phase_reactant acute phase reactants]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Opacification of the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Middle_ear middle ear]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/History_and_Physical_examination History/ Physical exam]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Patient may show other [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Signs signs] and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Symptoms symptoms] of [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Upper_respiratory_infection upper respiratory infection] such az [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cough cough], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nasal_discharge nasal discharge], and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Fever fever]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Aminoglycoside toxicity
<ref name="pmid8597959">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ernfors P, Duan ML, ElShamy WM, Canlon B |title=Protection of auditory neurons from aminoglycoside toxicity by neurotrophin-3 |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=463–7 |date=April 1996 |pmid=8597959 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Oscillopsia Oscillopsia]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/History_and_Physical_examination History/ Physical exam]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*May be associated with [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Nausea nausea], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Vomiting vomiting], and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ataxia ataxia]
*It may be irreversible
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gentamicin Gentamicin] is the most common one
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! colspan="10" style="background: #7d7d7d; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Central
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brain_tumor Brain tumors]<ref name="DunniwayWelling2016">{{cite journal|last1=Dunniway|first1=Heidi M.|last2=Welling|first2=D. Bradley|title=Intracranial Tumors Mimicking Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo|journal=Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery|volume=118|issue=4|year=2016|pages=429–436|issn=0194-5998|doi=10.1177/019459989811800401}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Papilledema Papilledema]
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Focal_neurological_deficits Focal neurological deficits]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Cerebral spinal fluid ([https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CSF CSF]) may show cancerous cells
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*On [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/CT_scan CT scan] most of the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brain_tumors brain tumors] appears as a hypodense mass lesions
*On [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/MRI_scan MRI] most of the [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Brain_tumors brain tumors] appears as a hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted scans, or hyperintense on T2-weighted [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/MRI_contrast_agent MRI].
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Imaging Imaging]

*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Biopsy_forceps Biopsy]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Patieny may experience [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Headache headache], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Seizures seizures], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Visual_disturbance visual changes] and changes in [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Personality personality], [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Mood mood] and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Concentration concentration]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Cerebellar_infarction Cerebellar infarction]/hemorrhage
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ++/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Limb Limb] [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ataxia ataxia]
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Gait_abnormality Gait disturbance]
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Dysarthria Dysarthria]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Based on the time interval between [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Stroke stroke] and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Imaging imaging] we may have different presentations
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Imaging Imaging]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Posterior_inferior_cerebellar_artery Posterior inferior cerebellar artery] is the most common artery that causes [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Vertigo vertigo]
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Brain stem ischemia
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | +/−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Contralateral body [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Muscle_weakness weakness]
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Visual_field Visual field] deficits
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Oculomotor_nerve Oculomotor] abnormalities
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Bulbar Bulbar] findings
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |−
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Based on the time interval between [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Stroke stroke] and [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Imaging imaging] we may have different presentations
*For more information [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Ischemic_stroke_CT click here]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*[https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Imaging Imaging]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*It may be associated with [https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Subclavian_steal_syndrome subclavian steal syndrome]
|} 

==Epidemiology and Demographics==

*Adults in the age group of 30 to 60 years are most commonly affected. The incidence of labyrinthitis is around 3.5 cases per 100,000.
*Viral labyrinthitis, the most common type, is more prevalent in adults, whereas the other types of infections affect the children on a larger scale. This can be assessed by the fact that children under the age of two are more predisposed to develop bacterial labyrinthitis.
*Bacterial labyrinthitis is overall, less prevalent than other causes.

==Risk Factors==

Certain conditions can increase the risk of labyrinthitis:

*Upper respiratory tract infections
*Infections of the middle ear
*Meningitis
*Head injuries
*Respiratory illnesses like bronchitis
*Viral infections, like herpes and measles
*Autoimmune diseases

==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==

*The symptoms of labyrinthitis usually start suddenly. Occasionally the patient wakes up with these symptoms and they are progressive.
*There is usually a relief in the symptoms after a few days. Often, the loss of balance is restored in a couple of weeks, but in some cases, it can take longer.
*In some severe and rare cases, there can be a permanent loss of hearing.
*Certain factors like cold, previous illnesses, fatigue, menstruation, and respiratory infections can worsen the symptoms.
*Complications following labyrinthitis includes: labyrinthine fistula, meningitis, cerebellar abscess, mastoiditis etc <ref name="pmid26718959">{{cite journal| author=Maranhão AS, Godofredo VR, Penido Nde O| title=Suppurative labyrinthitis associated with otitis media: 26 years' experience. | journal=Braz J Otorhinolaryngol | year= 2016 | volume= 82 | issue= 1 | pages= 82-7 | pmid=26718959 | doi=10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.12.012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26718959 }} </ref>

===Recovery===
The recovery from an attack of labyrinthitis follows the following phases:

#'''An acute period''', which includes symptoms like vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.
#'''subacute symptoms, which last for a couple of weeks, followed by a rapid recovery'''
#'''chronic compensation''', which extends over a period of a couple of months or even years.

==Diagnosis==
===Diagnostic Study of Choice===

Viral labyrinthitis could be a clinical diagnosis. But a variety of diagnostic tests are performed to rule out other diseases. Tests that may rule out other causes of your symptoms include:

*EEG
*Electronystagmography, also known as caloric stimulation.
*CT Scan of the head: to rule out mastoiditis.
*Temporal bone CT scan: diagnostic techniques in patients with cholesteatoma.
*Rinne and Weber hearing tests
*Head MRI
*Eye test
*Blood pressure
*Assessment of balance
*Culture and sensitivity of the middle ear effusions.
*Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials to assess vestibular activity
*Gadolinium-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging<ref name="pmid26718959">{{cite journal| author=Maranhão AS, Godofredo VR, Penido Nde O| title=Suppurative labyrinthitis associated with otitis media: 26 years' experience. | journal=Braz J Otorhinolaryngol | year= 2016 | volume= 82 | issue= 1 | pages= 82-7 | pmid=26718959 | doi=10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.12.012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26718959 }} </ref>

===History and Symptoms===
Labyrinthitis can be suspected when bone conduction loss co-exists with otitis media<ref name="pmid15744821">{{cite journal| author=Jang CH, Park SY, Wang PC| title=A case of tympanogenic labyrinthitis complicated by acute otitis media. | journal=Yonsei Med J | year= 2005 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 161-5 | pmid=15744821 | doi=10.3349/ymj.2005.46.1.161 | pmc=2823044 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15744821 }} </ref>
Labyrinthitis is characterized by the following symptoms and signs including :

*Dizziness
*Vertigo
*Instability of gait
*Nausea or vomiting
*Tinnitus or ringing in the ears
*Hearing loss particularly of the high-frequency range
*Nystagmus<ref name="pmid26718959">{{cite journal| author=Maranhão AS, Godofredo VR, Penido Nde O| title=Suppurative labyrinthitis associated with otitis media: 26 years' experience. | journal=Braz J Otorhinolaryngol | year= 2016 | volume= 82 | issue= 1 | pages= 82-7 | pmid=26718959 | doi=10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.12.012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26718959 }} </ref>

===Laboratory Findings===

Labyrinthitis could be a clinical diagnosis. As a result, routine blood tests don't seem to be helpful in making any diagnosis. However, if systemic infection is suspected, FBC and blood cultures are indicated.

==Treatment==

Viral labyrinthitis causes a sudden onset of vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and sudden hearing impairment. As we know that the antibiotics are not effective against viruses, we must adopt the symptomatic treatment techniques, including medications for vertigo, antihistaminics, and complete rest. With all these measures, the patient usually feels better in a week or two. Nevertheless, acute episodes can sometimes last for up to months. Apart from that, most people will have a full recovery after an episode of viral labyrinthitis if proper and timely vestibular rehabilitation exercises are adopted.

Bacterial labyrinthitis can be effectively treated with antibiotics preventing long term complications
<ref name="pmid15744821">{{cite journal| author=Jang CH, Park SY, Wang PC| title=A case of tympanogenic labyrinthitis complicated by acute otitis media. | journal=Yonsei Med J | year= 2005 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 161-5 | pmid=15744821 | doi=10.3349/ymj.2005.46.1.161 | pmc=2823044 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15744821 }} </ref>
===Certain emergency conditions which warrant immediate medical attention are===

*loss of consciousness
*Convulsions or seizures
*Speech abnormalities
*Fever
*Weakness
*Stroke
*Vision disorders like diplopia

===Medical Therapy===
Symptomatic patients need treatment with the following:

*Antihistamines, whic include drugs like desloratadine and loratadine
*Antivertigo medications, such as meclizine
*Sometimes we need to give sedatives to the patienst to ensure rest and recovery, such as diazepam
*Corticosteroids, like prednisone
*[[Prochlorperazine]] is also commonly prescribed, which helps to alleviate symptoms of vertigo and nausea.

As we know that, sometimes an attack or anxiety or panic attack can aggravate the symptoms of labyrnthitis, it becomes imperative to treat an [[anxiety disorder]] and/or [[clinical depression|depression]], simultaneously with the medication for otehr symptoms, to treat any vestibular damage. This can be achieved with [[benzodiazepines]] like [[diazepam]] ([[Valium]]); but caution should be taken to avoid long term usage of these drugs due to associated addiction with this class of drugs and their interference with the vestibular system (Solomon and Shepard, 2002). Likewise the efficacy of corticosteroids such as [[prednisone]], to treat early stages of labyrnthitis has been advocated and they are very frequently used for proper recovery, along with some antiviral medication. It should be understood that the treatment should be started as soon as possible to prevent any permanent damage to the inner ear.

===Interventions===

Apart from medical therapy, we can use several lifestyle techniques to relieve vertigo associated with labyrinthitis:

*Avoiding sudden or jerky movements or any sudden changes in body position
*Rest during the attack and avoid any movements
*Smooth and slow movements when trying to get up from lying
*Avoiding prolonged exposure to screens, and abstain from bright lights in lieu of an attack
*Keeping the head still, while sitting in a chair
*Stress management techniques, to mitigate and factors which can aggravate the anxiety or stressors
*Warm compresses can be used to bring relief from the pain
*Avoiding smoking and limiting the intake of alcohol

===Primary Prevention===

*Resting in a cool dark place, if experiencing any symptoms like dizziness or vertigo
*Drinking plenty of fluids and adequate hydration
*Avoiding loud noises and exposure to bright lights which can aggravate the symptoms
*Adequate sleep, as lack of sleep can bring on an attack

===Secondary Prevention===

*Implementation of therapies to allow rehabilitation and improve balance, like physical and occupational therapy
*Vestibular rehabilitation: This includes various exercises performed under the supervision of a trained physiotherapist, which helps to improve the gait, movements, and functionality. It substantially reduces any residual symptoms from the attack of labyrinthitis. It helps with balancing and makes everyday activities easier.

 

==See also==

*[[Balance disorder]]
*[[Dizziness]]
*[[Vestibular system]]
*[[Vertigo (medical)|Vertigo]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

*Bronstein A ([[2002]]), Visual and psychological aspects of vestibular disease, ''Current Opinion in Neurology'' 2002, '''15''':1–3.
*Simon NM, Pollack MH, Tuby KS ''et al'' ([[1998]]), Dizziness and panic disorder: a review of the association between vestibular dysfunction and anxiety, ''Ann Clin Psychiatry'', '''10'''(2):75–80.
*Solomon D and Shepard NT ([[2002]]), Chronic Dizziness, ''Current Treatment Options in Neurology'', '''4''':281–288.
*Staab J and Ruckenstein M ([[2005]]), Chronic Dizziness and Anxiety, ''Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg'', '''131''':675-679.

==External links==

*[http://www.sledgehammercomputers.com/wiki/index.php/Labyrinthitis My personal battle with Labyrinthitis] How Ryan Roper overcame the condition.
*[http://www.dizzytimes.com DizzyTimes.com]
*[http://www.meei.harvard.edu/patient/rauch.php Dr. Rauch's Online Otology Clinic — video clips]
*[http://www.labyrinthitis.co.uk/ Labyrinthitis.co.uk]
*[http://www.labyrinthitis.org.uk/ Labyrinthitis.org.uk]
*[http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/unilat/vneurit.html Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis]
*{{eMedicine|neuro|686}} - "Labyrinthitis and related conditions"
*{{eMedicine|ent|666}} - "Vestibular rehabilitation therapy"
*[http://www.healthboards.com/boards/forumdisplay.php?f=76 Inner ear healthboard]
*[http://p084.ezboard.com/bdizzylounge The Dizzy Lounge]
*[http://www.labyrinthitissupport.org.uk/ Labyrinthitis Support Forums]
*[http://betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Labyrinthitis_and_vestibular_neuritis?OpenDocument Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis]

 

{{Diseases of the ear and mastoid process}}
[[Category:Vestibular system]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]

[[es:Laberintitis]]
[[hr:Labirintitis]]
[[fr:Labyrinthite]]
[[it:Labirintite]]
[[nl:Labyrintitis]]
[[pt:Labirintite]]

{{WH}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
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Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: Created page with "Shreya Sriram"

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Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: Created page with "Shreya Sriram"

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Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: Created page with "YUSRA MINAHIL"

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Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: Created page with ""YUSRA MINAHIL,MD[drshreyasriram1994@gmail.com]""

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Headache history and symptoms

2021-05-04T14:02:40Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Overview */

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.]; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief''': {{CZ}}
==Overview==
Symptoms in primary headaches include,some headaches onset without aura.Certain food, emotion changes or environmental chages may be the auras for other headaches.A pain that begins in the back of the head and upper neck, as a tightness or pressure.The pain is usually mild and bilateral.Usually occur sporadically, No function damage.Symptoms in secondary headaches depend on the underlying cause. Except for headache, there may be other symptoms such as the following. Headache may be continuing.[[Fever]],[[Hemiplegia]],[[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]],[[Diplopia]],Anepia.

==History and Symptoms==
Symptoms in primary headaches include:

*Some headaches onset without aura. Certain food, emotion changes or environmental chages may be the auras for other headaches.
*A pain that begins in the back of the head and upper neck, as a tightness or pressure.
*The pain is usually mild and bilateral
*Not accompanied with [[nausea]] or [[vomiting]]
*Usually occur sporadically
*No function damage

Symptoms in secondary headaches depend on the underlying cause. Except for headache, there may be other symptoms such as the following.

*Headache may be continuing.
*[[Fever]]
*[[Hemiplegia]]
*[[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]
*[[Diplopia]]
*Anepia

[[Clinical prediction rules]] have been developed to distinguish headache types<ref name="pmid30997838">{{cite journal| author=van der Meer HA, Visscher CM, Vredeveld T, Nijhuis van der Sanden MW, Hh Engelbert R, Speksnijder CM| title=The diagnostic accuracy of headache measurement instruments: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on headaches associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. | journal=Cephalalgia | year= 2019 | volume= 39 | issue= 10 | pages= 1313-1332 | pmid=30997838 | doi=10.1177/0333102419840777 | pmc=6710620 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30997838 }} </ref>.
===History===
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
*[History finding 1]
*[History finding 2]
*[History finding 3]

===Common Symptoms===
Common symptoms of cluster include:
*Piercing eye pain.<ref>{{cite web | author=Charlotte E. Grayson and The Cleveland Clinic Neuroscience Center | title=Cluster Headaches |url=http://www.webmd.com/content/article/46/1826_50688.htm | date=October 2004 | publisher=WebMD | accessdate=2006-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Brian D. Loftus | title=Cluster Headache and Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania Overview | url=http://www.loftusmd.com/Articles/Cluster/clusteroverview.html | date=2005 |accessdate=2006-09-22}}</ref><ref>Goldstein, Michael. "Cluster Headache". New Atlantean Press. 1999.</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=Arne May, Anish Bahra, Christian Büchel, Richard S J Frackowiak, Peter J Goadsby; University Department of Clinical Neurology (May, Bahra, Goadsby), and Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology (Büchel, Frackowiak), Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London UK | title=Hypothalamic activation in cluster headache attacks |url=http://www.ouch-us.org/chgeneral/hypothalamus/hypothalamus2.htm | date=1998 July 25;352(9124):275-8 | publisher=The Lancet }}</ref><ref name="pmid7888747">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drummond PD |title=Sweating and vascular responses in the face: normal regulation and dysfunction in migraine, cluster headache and harlequin syndrome |journal=Clin. Auton. Res. |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=273–85 |date=October 1994 |pmid=7888747 |doi=10.1007/BF01827433 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16686902">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drummond PD |title=Mechanisms of autonomic disturbance in the face during and between attacks of cluster headache |journal=Cephalalgia |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=633–41 |date=June 2006 |pmid=16686902 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01106.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2245469">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ekbom K |title=Evaluation of clinical criteria for cluster headache with special reference to the classification of the International Headache Society |journal=Cephalalgia |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=195–7 |date=August 1990 |pmid=2245469 |doi=10.1046/j.1468-2982.1990.1004195.x |url=}}</ref>

*[[Horner's syndrome]]:<ref>{{cite web | author=Graff JM, Lee AG | title=Horner's Syndrome (due to Cluster Headache): 46 y.o. man presenting with headache and ptosis. | url=http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases/case22.htm | work=Ophthalmology Grand Rounds | date=February 21, 2005 |publisher=The University of Iowa | accessdate=2006-09-22}}</ref>
**[[Ptosis (eyelid)|Ptosis]]
**Conjunctival injection
**[[Lacrimation]]
**[[Miosis]]
**Eyelid [[edema]]

Common symptoms of migraine include:
*Aura phase: The[[Aura|auras]] are most often [[visual]], but can also be [[sensory]], [[Developmental dyspraxia|verbal]] or [[Motor skills disorder|motor disturbances]].<ref> name="pmid17495755">{{cite journal| author=Cutrer FM, Huerter K| title=Migraine aura. | journal=Neurologist | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 3 | pages= 118-25 | pmid=17495755 | doi=10.1097/01.nrl.0000252943.82792.38 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17495755 }} </ref>
*Pain phase: The [[headache]] of migraine is often but not always unilateral and tends to have a throbbing or pulsatile quality, especially as the [[intensity]] increases. Not all of these features are necessary. The [[pain]] may be bilateral at the onset or may start on one side then becomes generalized. The [[headache]] usually alternates sides from one attack to the next. The onset is usually gradual. The [[pain]] peaks and then subsides, and usually lasts between 4 and 72 hours in adults and 1 and 48 hours in children. The frequency of attacks is extremely variable, from a few in a lifetime to several times a week, and the average migraineur experiences from one to three [[headache]]s a month. The head pain varies greatly in intensity. The pain of migraine is invariably accompanied by other features. [[Nausea and Vomiting|Nausea]] occurs in almost 90 percent of patients, while [[Nausea and vomiting|vomiting]] occurs in about one third of patients. Many patients experience sensory hyperexcitability manifested by [[photophobia]], [[phonophobia]], [[osmophobia]] and seek a dark and quiet room. [[Blurred vision]], nasal stuffiness, [[diarrhea]], [[polyuria]], [[pallor]] or [[Perspiration|sweating]] may be noted during the headache phase. There may be localized [[edema]] of the [[scalp]] or [[face]], scalp [[tenderness]], prominence of a [[vein]] or [[artery]] in the [[temple]], or stiffness and [[tenderness]] of the [[neck]]. Impairment of [[concentration]] and [[mood]] are common. [[Lightheadedness]], rather than true [[vertigo]] and a feeling of [[Presyncope|faintness]] may occur. The [[extremities]] tend to be cold and moist.

*Postdrome phase: The effects of migraine may persist for some days after the main headache has ended; this is called the migraine [[postdrome]]. Many report a sore feeling in the area where the migraine was, and some report impaired thinking for a few days after the headache has passed. The patient may feel tired or "hung over" and have head pain, cognitive difficulties, gastrointestinal symptoms, mood changes, and weakness.<ref name="pmid16426278">{{Cite journal|author=Kelman L |title=The postdrome of the acute migraine attack |journal=Cephalalgia |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=214–20 |date=February 2006 |pmid=16426278 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01026.x}}</ref> According to one summary, "Some people feel unusually refreshed or euphoric after an attack, whereas others note depression and [[malaise]]."<ref>{{cite book |author=Halpern, Audrey L.; Silberstein, Stephen D. |chapter=Ch. 9: The Migraine Attack—A Clinical Description |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7326/ |editor=Kaplan PW, Fisher RS |title=Imitators of Epilepsy |publisher=Demos Medical |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=1-888799-83-8 |pages= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7321/ |edition=2 |id=NBK7326}}</ref>
**[[Nasal congestion]]
**[[Rhinorrhea]]
**[[Sweating]] on the affected side of the face.
*[[Neck pain]] or stiffness
*[[Jaw pain|Jaw]] and teeth pain (occassionally)
*[[Photophobia]] (rare)

===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
*[Symptom 1]
*[Symptom 2]
*[Symptom 3]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

[[Category:Headaches]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]

Headache history and symptoms

2021-05-04T13:56:43Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Common Symptoms */

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.]; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief''': {{CZ}}
==Overview==

==History and Symptoms==
Symptoms in primary headaches include:

*Some headaches onset without aura. Certain food, emotion changes or environmental chages may be the auras for other headaches.
*A pain that begins in the back of the head and upper neck, as a tightness or pressure.
*The pain is usually mild and bilateral
*Not accompanied with [[nausea]] or [[vomiting]]
*Usually occur sporadically
*No function damage

Symptoms in secondary headaches depend on the underlying cause. Except for headache, there may be other symptoms such as the following.

*Headache may be continuing.
*[[Fever]]
*[[Hemiplegia]]
*[[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]
*[[Diplopia]]
*Anepia

[[Clinical prediction rules]] have been developed to distinguish headache types<ref name="pmid30997838">{{cite journal| author=van der Meer HA, Visscher CM, Vredeveld T, Nijhuis van der Sanden MW, Hh Engelbert R, Speksnijder CM| title=The diagnostic accuracy of headache measurement instruments: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on headaches associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. | journal=Cephalalgia | year= 2019 | volume= 39 | issue= 10 | pages= 1313-1332 | pmid=30997838 | doi=10.1177/0333102419840777 | pmc=6710620 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30997838 }} </ref>.
===History===
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
*[History finding 1]
*[History finding 2]
*[History finding 3]

===Common Symptoms===
Common symptoms of cluster include:
*Piercing eye pain.<ref>{{cite web | author=Charlotte E. Grayson and The Cleveland Clinic Neuroscience Center | title=Cluster Headaches |url=http://www.webmd.com/content/article/46/1826_50688.htm | date=October 2004 | publisher=WebMD | accessdate=2006-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Brian D. Loftus | title=Cluster Headache and Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania Overview | url=http://www.loftusmd.com/Articles/Cluster/clusteroverview.html | date=2005 |accessdate=2006-09-22}}</ref><ref>Goldstein, Michael. "Cluster Headache". New Atlantean Press. 1999.</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=Arne May, Anish Bahra, Christian Büchel, Richard S J Frackowiak, Peter J Goadsby; University Department of Clinical Neurology (May, Bahra, Goadsby), and Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology (Büchel, Frackowiak), Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London UK | title=Hypothalamic activation in cluster headache attacks |url=http://www.ouch-us.org/chgeneral/hypothalamus/hypothalamus2.htm | date=1998 July 25;352(9124):275-8 | publisher=The Lancet }}</ref><ref name="pmid7888747">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drummond PD |title=Sweating and vascular responses in the face: normal regulation and dysfunction in migraine, cluster headache and harlequin syndrome |journal=Clin. Auton. Res. |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=273–85 |date=October 1994 |pmid=7888747 |doi=10.1007/BF01827433 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16686902">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drummond PD |title=Mechanisms of autonomic disturbance in the face during and between attacks of cluster headache |journal=Cephalalgia |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=633–41 |date=June 2006 |pmid=16686902 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01106.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2245469">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ekbom K |title=Evaluation of clinical criteria for cluster headache with special reference to the classification of the International Headache Society |journal=Cephalalgia |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=195–7 |date=August 1990 |pmid=2245469 |doi=10.1046/j.1468-2982.1990.1004195.x |url=}}</ref>

*[[Horner's syndrome]]:<ref>{{cite web | author=Graff JM, Lee AG | title=Horner's Syndrome (due to Cluster Headache): 46 y.o. man presenting with headache and ptosis. | url=http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases/case22.htm | work=Ophthalmology Grand Rounds | date=February 21, 2005 |publisher=The University of Iowa | accessdate=2006-09-22}}</ref>
**[[Ptosis (eyelid)|Ptosis]]
**Conjunctival injection
**[[Lacrimation]]
**[[Miosis]]
**Eyelid [[edema]]

Common symptoms of migraine include:
*Aura phase: The[[Aura|auras]] are most often [[visual]], but can also be [[sensory]], [[Developmental dyspraxia|verbal]] or [[Motor skills disorder|motor disturbances]].<ref> name="pmid17495755">{{cite journal| author=Cutrer FM, Huerter K| title=Migraine aura. | journal=Neurologist | year= 2007 | volume= 13 | issue= 3 | pages= 118-25 | pmid=17495755 | doi=10.1097/01.nrl.0000252943.82792.38 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17495755 }} </ref>
*Pain phase: The [[headache]] of migraine is often but not always unilateral and tends to have a throbbing or pulsatile quality, especially as the [[intensity]] increases. Not all of these features are necessary. The [[pain]] may be bilateral at the onset or may start on one side then becomes generalized. The [[headache]] usually alternates sides from one attack to the next. The onset is usually gradual. The [[pain]] peaks and then subsides, and usually lasts between 4 and 72 hours in adults and 1 and 48 hours in children. The frequency of attacks is extremely variable, from a few in a lifetime to several times a week, and the average migraineur experiences from one to three [[headache]]s a month. The head pain varies greatly in intensity. The pain of migraine is invariably accompanied by other features. [[Nausea and Vomiting|Nausea]] occurs in almost 90 percent of patients, while [[Nausea and vomiting|vomiting]] occurs in about one third of patients. Many patients experience sensory hyperexcitability manifested by [[photophobia]], [[phonophobia]], [[osmophobia]] and seek a dark and quiet room. [[Blurred vision]], nasal stuffiness, [[diarrhea]], [[polyuria]], [[pallor]] or [[Perspiration|sweating]] may be noted during the headache phase. There may be localized [[edema]] of the [[scalp]] or [[face]], scalp [[tenderness]], prominence of a [[vein]] or [[artery]] in the [[temple]], or stiffness and [[tenderness]] of the [[neck]]. Impairment of [[concentration]] and [[mood]] are common. [[Lightheadedness]], rather than true [[vertigo]] and a feeling of [[Presyncope|faintness]] may occur. The [[extremities]] tend to be cold and moist.

*Postdrome phase: The effects of migraine may persist for some days after the main headache has ended; this is called the migraine [[postdrome]]. Many report a sore feeling in the area where the migraine was, and some report impaired thinking for a few days after the headache has passed. The patient may feel tired or "hung over" and have head pain, cognitive difficulties, gastrointestinal symptoms, mood changes, and weakness.<ref name="pmid16426278">{{Cite journal|author=Kelman L |title=The postdrome of the acute migraine attack |journal=Cephalalgia |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=214–20 |date=February 2006 |pmid=16426278 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01026.x}}</ref> According to one summary, "Some people feel unusually refreshed or euphoric after an attack, whereas others note depression and [[malaise]]."<ref>{{cite book |author=Halpern, Audrey L.; Silberstein, Stephen D. |chapter=Ch. 9: The Migraine Attack—A Clinical Description |chapterurl=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7326/ |editor=Kaplan PW, Fisher RS |title=Imitators of Epilepsy |publisher=Demos Medical |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=1-888799-83-8 |pages= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7321/ |edition=2 |id=NBK7326}}</ref>
**[[Nasal congestion]]
**[[Rhinorrhea]]
**[[Sweating]] on the affected side of the face.
*[[Neck pain]] or stiffness
*[[Jaw pain|Jaw]] and teeth pain (occassionally)
*[[Photophobia]] (rare)

===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
*[Symptom 1]
*[Symptom 2]
*[Symptom 3]

==References==
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Headache history and symptoms

2021-05-04T13:46:53Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* History and Symptoms */

Headache history and symptoms

2021-05-04T13:45:53Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* History and Symptoms */

Headache history and symptoms

2021-05-04T13:44:42Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Overview */

Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-05-04T13:43:53Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis */

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.

'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.]; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief''': {{CZ}}
==Overview==
The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.

==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.
*13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.
*33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.<ref name="pmid29720812">{{cite journal| author=Wei DY, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ| title=Cluster Headache: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2018 | volume= 21 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S3-S8 | pmid=29720812 | doi=10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17 | pmc=5909131 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29720812 }} </ref>
==Complications==
* Status migrainosus: The migraine episode lasts more than 72 hours.
* Persistent aura without infarction: The symptoms of aura last for more than a week in the absence of any neuroimaging findings suggestive of infarction.
* Migrainous infarction: The symptoms of aura last for more than a week in the context of any neuroimaging findings suggestive of infarction in the corresponding brain territory.
* Seizure triggered by a migrainous aura<ref name="pmid23771276">{{cite journal| author=Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)| title=The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). | journal=Cephalalgia | year= 2013 | volume= 33 | issue= 9 | pages= 629-808 | pmid=23771276 | doi=10.1177/0333102413485658 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23771276 }} </ref>

===Prognosis===
*13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.
*33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.<ref name="pmid29720812">{{cite journal| author=Wei DY, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ| title=Cluster Headache: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2018 | volume= 21 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S3-S8 | pmid=29720812 | doi=10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17 | pmc=5909131 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29720812 }} </ref>

==References==
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[[Category: (name of the system)]]

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Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-05-04T13:40:29Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Complications */

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.

'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.]; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief''': {{CZ}}
==Overview==
The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.

==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.
*13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.
*33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.<ref name="pmid29720812">{{cite journal| author=Wei DY, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ| title=Cluster Headache: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2018 | volume= 21 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S3-S8 | pmid=29720812 | doi=10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17 | pmc=5909131 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29720812 }} </ref>

===Prognosis===
*13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.
*33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.<ref name="pmid29720812">{{cite journal| author=Wei DY, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ| title=Cluster Headache: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2018 | volume= 21 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S3-S8 | pmid=29720812 | doi=10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17 | pmc=5909131 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29720812 }} </ref>

==References==
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Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-05-03T14:37:22Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Prognosis */

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.

'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.]; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief''': {{CZ}}
==Overview==
The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.

==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.
*13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.
*33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.<ref name="pmid29720812">{{cite journal| author=Wei DY, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ| title=Cluster Headache: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2018 | volume= 21 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S3-S8 | pmid=29720812 | doi=10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17 | pmc=5909131 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29720812 }} </ref>

===Complications===
*Common complications of [disease name] include:
**[Complication 1]
**[Complication 2]
**[Complication 3]

===Prognosis===
*13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.
*33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.<ref name="pmid29720812">{{cite journal| author=Wei DY, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ| title=Cluster Headache: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2018 | volume= 21 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S3-S8 | pmid=29720812 | doi=10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17 | pmc=5909131 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29720812 }} </ref>

==References==
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Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-05-03T14:36:52Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Prognosis */

Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-05-03T14:36:23Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Prognosis */

Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-05-03T14:35:29Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Prognosis */

Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-04-28T17:02:14Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Natural History */

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.

'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.]; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief''': {{CZ}}
==Overview==
The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.

==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.
*13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.
*33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.<ref name="pmid29720812">{{cite journal| author=Wei DY, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ| title=Cluster Headache: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2018 | volume= 21 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S3-S8 | pmid=29720812 | doi=10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17 | pmc=5909131 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29720812 }} </ref>

===Complications===
*Common complications of [disease name] include:
**[Complication 1]
**[Complication 2]
**[Complication 3]

===Prognosis===
*Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [--]%.
*Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
*The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
*[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
*The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.

==References==
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Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-04-28T17:01:56Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Overview */

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.

'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.]; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief''': {{CZ}}
==Overview==
The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.

==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.
*The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
*13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.
*33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.<ref name="pmid29720812">{{cite journal| author=Wei DY, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ| title=Cluster Headache: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2018 | volume= 21 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S3-S8 | pmid=29720812 | doi=10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17 | pmc=5909131 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29720812 }} </ref>
===Complications===
*Common complications of [disease name] include:
**[Complication 1]
**[Complication 2]
**[Complication 3]

===Prognosis===
*Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [--]%.
*Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
*The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
*[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
*The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.

==References==
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[[Category: (name of the system)]]

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Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-04-28T14:55:28Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis */

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.

'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.]; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief''': {{CZ}}
==Overview==
The prognosis of headache depends on the underlying cause.
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of cluster headache usually decreased with age.
*The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
*13% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to develop chronic cluster headache.
*33% of patients with initial episodic cluster headache may progress to episodic pattern.<ref name="pmid29720812">{{cite journal| author=Wei DY, Yuan Ong JJ, Goadsby PJ| title=Cluster Headache: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2018 | volume= 21 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S3-S8 | pmid=29720812 | doi=10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17 | pmc=5909131 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29720812 }} </ref>
===Complications===
*Common complications of [disease name] include:
**[Complication 1]
**[Complication 2]
**[Complication 3]

===Prognosis===
*Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [--]%.
*Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
*The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
*[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
*The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.

==References==
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[[Category: (name of the system)]]

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Headache risk factors

2021-04-27T13:16:22Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Risk Factors */

Headache risk factors

2021-04-27T13:14:24Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Common Risk Factors */

Headache risk factors

2021-04-27T13:14:09Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Risk Factors */

Headache risk factors

2021-04-27T13:05:13Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Overview */

Headache risk factors

2021-04-27T13:01:58Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Overview */

Headache risk factors

2021-04-27T12:49:52Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Overview */

Headache pathophysiology

2021-04-27T12:47:16Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Physiology */

Headache secondary prevention

2021-04-22T15:33:28Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
==Overview==
There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

==Secondary Prevention==
There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include:
*[Strategy 1]
*[Strategy 2]
*[Strategy 3]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
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[[Category:Headaches]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Needs content]]

Headache secondary prevention

2021-04-22T15:33:00Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}==Overview==
There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include [strategy 1], [strategy 2], and [strategy 3].

==Secondary Prevention==
There are no established measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name].

OR

Effective measures for the secondary prevention of [disease name] include:
*[Strategy 1]
*[Strategy 2]
*[Strategy 3]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

[[Category:Headaches]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Needs content]]

Headache surgery

2021-04-22T15:31:36Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
==Overview==
Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of [disease name].

OR

Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with [disease name]. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and [indication 3]

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either [indication 1], [indication 2], and/or [indication 3].

OR

The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.

OR

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].

==Indications==

*Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of [disease name].
OR
*Surgery is not the first-line treatment option for patients with [disease name]. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either:
**[Indication 1]
**[Indication 2]
**[Indication 3]
*The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is medical therapy. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with either:
**[Indication 1]
**[Indication 2]
**[Indication 3]

==Surgery==

*The feasibility of surgery depends on the stage of [malignancy] at diagnosis.
OR
*Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for [disease or malignancy].

==Contraindications==

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

[[Category:Headaches]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Needs content]]

Headache physical examination

2021-04-22T15:29:31Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
==Overview==
Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

==Physical Examination==
Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.

OR

Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].

===Appearance of the Patient===
*Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].

===Vital Signs===

*High-grade / low-grade fever
*[[Hypothermia]] / hyperthermia may be present
*[[Tachycardia]] with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
*[[Bradycardia]] with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
*Tachypnea / bradypnea
*Kussmal respirations may be present in _____ (advanced disease state)
*Weak/bounding pulse / pulsus alternans / paradoxical pulse / asymmetric pulse
*High/low blood pressure with normal pulse pressure / [[wide pulse pressure]] / [[narrow pulse pressure]]

===Skin===
* Skin examination of patients with [disease name] is usually normal.
OR
*[[Cyanosis]]
*[[Jaundice]]
* [[Pallor]]
* Bruises
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

[[Category:Headaches]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
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[[Category:Needs content]]

Headache history and symptoms

2021-04-22T15:26:50Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny:

Headache natural history, complications and prognosis

2021-04-22T15:25:28Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Overview */

__NOTOC__
{{Headache}}
Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.

'''Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Bobby Schwartz|Robert G. Schwartz, M.D.]] [mailto:RGSHEAL@aol.com], [http://www.piedmontpmr.com Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.]; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief''': {{CZ}}
==Overview==
The prognosis of headache depends on the underlying cause.
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
===Natural History===
*The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
*The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
*If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

===Complications===
*Common complications of [disease name] include:
**[Complication 1]
**[Complication 2]
**[Complication 3]

===Prognosis===
*Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [--]%.
*Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
*The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
*[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
*The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

[[Category:Headaches]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Needs content]]

Headache pathophysiology

2021-04-22T12:50:25Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Pathogenesis */

Headache pathophysiology

2021-04-15T01:03:48Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Pathogenesis */

Headache pathophysiology

2021-04-15T00:38:21Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Pathogenesis */

Headache pathophysiology

2021-04-15T00:38:11Z

Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny: /* Physiology */