wikidoc - User contributions [en]

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria echocardiography or ultrasound

2018-07-12T02:08:13Z

Meghana Kesireddy: /* Echocardiography/Ultrasound */

__NOTOC__
{{Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria}}

{{CMG}}; {{AE}}

==Overview==

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name].

OR

Echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on an echocardiography/ultrasound suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [disease name]. However, an echocardiography/ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

==Echocardiography/Ultrasound==

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with [PNH]. However, an ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [PNH], like portal vein or splenic vein thrombosis. But, ultrasound is less sensitive than CT or MRI for detecting venous thrombosis.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria MRI

2018-07-12T02:03:33Z

Meghana Kesireddy: /* MRI */

__NOTOC__
{{Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria}}

{{CMG}}; {{AE}}

==Overview==

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

==MRI==

There are no MRI findings associated with [PNH]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [PNH], which include:
*Renal cortical signal intensity loss secondary to hemosiderin accumulation in the renal cortex due to hemoglobinemia and haemoglobinuria.
* Hepatic and splenic signal intensity loss secondary to transfusional siderosis due to repeated blood transfusions.
* Intracranial thrombosis
* Splenic vein thrombosis
* Portal vein thrombosis

(Images shown below are courtesy of RadsWiki)

<gallery>
Image:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 001.jpg
Image:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 002.jpg
Image:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 003.jpg
Image:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 004.jpg
Image:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 005.jpg
Image:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 006.jpg
Image:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 007.jpg
Image:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 008.jpg
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria CT

2018-07-12T01:54:54Z

Meghana Kesireddy: /* CT scan */

__NOTOC__
{{Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}

==Overview==

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].

OR

[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

==CT scan==

There are no CT scan findings associated with [PNH]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [PNH], which include:
* intracranial thrombosis
* splenic vein thrombosis
* portal vein thrombosis

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria other diagnostic studies

2018-07-12T01:49:09Z

Meghana Kesireddy: /* Other Diagnostic Studies */

__NOTOC__
{{Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}

==Overview==
There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].

OR

[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

==Other Diagnostic Studies==

*[Flow cytometry] is the diagnostic study of choice to confirm or exclude PNH, but has to be performed only after confirming coomb's negative intravascular hemolysis. Findings include reduced levels or absent glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linked proteins on surface of blood cells. Commonly detected GPI linked proteins include CD59 and CD55.

*Other diagnostic studies not required for diagnosis include:
*#[Bone marrow biopsy]
*#*Indication: Pancytopenia
*#*Findings: hypocellular or normocellular or hypercellular marrow

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria laboratory findings

2018-07-12T01:20:05Z

Meghana Kesireddy: /* Laboratory Findings */

__NOTOC__
{{Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria}}

{{CMG}}; {{AE}}

==Overview==
An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

OR

[Test] is usually normal for patients with [disease name].

OR

Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].

OR

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

==Laboratory Findings==

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [PNH] include:
* Due to hemolysis
*# low hemoglobin
*# low RBC count
*# increased reticulocyte count
*# increased LDH
*# increased bilirubin
*# decreased haptoglobin
*# haemoglobinuria
*# negative coombs/ direct anti-globulin test

* Due to haemoglobinuria
*# urinalysis: positive dipstick for heme with negative microscopic analysis for RBC
*# increased creatinine
*# increased BUN
*# iron deficiency: low iron, low ferritin, increased transferrin/ TIBC

* Due to thrombosis
*# thrombocytopenia
*# elevated liver function tests

* Less common findings
*# pancytopenia

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria other diagnostic studies

2018-07-12T01:19:11Z

Meghana Kesireddy: /* Other Diagnostic Studies */

__NOTOC__
{{Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}

==Overview==
There are no other diagnostic studies associated with [disease name].

OR

[Diagnostic study] may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

OR

Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include [diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3], and [diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

==Other Diagnostic Studies==

[Flow cytometry] is the preferred diagnostic study to confirm or to rule out PNH after verifying . Findings diagnostic of [PNH] include:
* reduced levels of GPI- proteins on surface of blood cells
*[Finding 2]
*[Finding 3]

OR

Other diagnostic studies for [disease name] include:
*[Diagnostic study 1], which demonstrates:
**[Finding 1]
**[Finding 2]
**[Finding 3]
*[Diagnostic study 2], which demonstrates:
**[Finding 1]
**[Finding 2]
**[Finding 3]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria laboratory findings

2018-07-12T01:06:20Z

Meghana Kesireddy: /* Laboratory Findings */

__NOTOC__
{{Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria}}

{{CMG}}; {{AE}}

==Overview==
An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].

OR

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

OR

[Test] is usually normal for patients with [disease name].

OR

Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].

OR

There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].

==Laboratory Findings==

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [PNH] include:
* Due to hemolysis
*# low hemoglobin
*# low RBC count
*# increased reticulocyte count
*# increased LDH
*# increased bilirubin
*# decreased haptoglobin
*# haemoglobinuria
*# negative coombs/ direct anti-globulin test

* Due to haemoglobinuria
*# urinalysis: positive dipstick for heme with negative microscopic analysis for RBC
*# increased creatinine
*# increased BUN
*# iron deficiency: low iron, low ferritin, increased transferrin/ TIBC

* Due to thrombosis
*# thrombocytopenia
*# elevated liver function tests

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria history and symptoms

2018-07-06T22:09:22Z

Meghana Kesireddy: /* History and Symptoms */

__NOTOC__
{{Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria}}

{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
==Overview==
The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

==History and Symptoms==
*There is no single hallmark symptom of [PNH]. [PNH] is associated with a wide range of symptoms.

===History===
Patients with [PNH]] may have a positive history of:
* feeling tired/ weak
* shortness of breath
* dark (red/pink/black) colored urine
* jaundice
* blood clots
* difficulty swallowing
* chest pain
* abdominal pain
* headaches
* confusion
* dysphagia
* erectile dysfunction
* low blood cell counts
* iron deficiency
* kidney problems: acute or chronic insufficiency

===Common Symptoms===
Common symptoms of [PNH] include:
* Due to hemolysis
*# fatigue
*# dyspnea
*# dark (red/pink/black) colored urine
*# jaundice

* Due to thrombosis
*# headaches
*# confusion
*# abdominal pain
*# chest pain

* Due to nitric oxide depletion
*# dysphagia
*# chest pain from esophageal spasm
*# abdominal pain
*# erectile dysfunction

===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of [PNH] include
* necrotic skin lesions
* abdominal fullness/ distension

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Sandbox:Meghna

2018-06-27T02:00:22Z

Meghana Kesireddy: /* Overview */

__NOTOC__

{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{M.K}}

==Overview==

==Pathophysiology==
===Pathogenesis===

{{M.K}}

=Meghana= hello all

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