CDKN2D

2018-06-19T00:11:12Z

2620:0:1000:3E02:1DA1:DF59:FACD:118: Add various internal links

{{Underlinked|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor D''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CDKN2D'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8575754">{{cite journal | vauthors = Okuda T, Hirai H, Valentine VA, Shurtleff SA, Kidd VJ, Lahti JM, Sherr CJ, Downing JR | title = Molecular cloning, expression pattern, and chromosomal localization of human CDKN2D/INK4d, an inhibitor of cyclin D-dependent kinases | journal = Genomics | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | pages = 623–30 |date=Mar 1996 | pmid = 8575754 | pmc = | doi = 10.1006/geno.1995.9957 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CDKN2D cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D (p19, inhibits CDK4)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1032| accessdate = }}</ref>


{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The [[protein]] encoded by this [[gene]] is a member of the [[INK4|INK4 family]] of cyclin-dependent kinase [[Enzyme inhibitor|inhibitor]]s. This protein has been shown to form a stable complex with [[CDK4]] or [[CDK6]], and prevent the activation of the CDK [[kinases]], thus function as a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle G1 progression. The abundance of the transcript of this gene was found to oscillate in a cell-cycle dependent manner with the lowest expression at mid G1 and a maximal expression during S phase. The negative regulation of the cell cycle involved in this protein was shown to participate in repressing neuronal proliferation, as well as [[spermatogenesis]]. Two alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode an identical protein, have been reported.<ref name="entrez"/>
}}

Note, this protein should not be confused with p19-ARF (mouse) or the human equivalent [[p14ARF]], which are alternative products of the [[CDKN2A]] gene.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Hirai H, Roussel MF, Kato JY |title=Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=15 |issue= 5 |pages= 2672–81 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7739547 |doi= | pmc=230497 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Chan FK, Zhang J, Cheng L |title=Identification of human and mouse p19, a novel CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitor with homology to p16ink4. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=15 |issue= 5 |pages= 2682–8 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7739548 |doi= | pmc=230498 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Guan KL, Jenkins CW, Li Y |title=Isolation and characterization of p19INK4d, a p16-related inhibitor specific to CDK6 and CDK4. |journal=Mol. Biol. Cell |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 57–70 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8741839 |doi= 10.1091/mbc.7.1.57| pmc=278612 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Schwaller J, Pabst T, Koeffler HP |title=Expression and regulation of G1 cell-cycle inhibitors (p16INK4A, p15INK4B, p18INK4C, p19INK4D) in human acute myeloid leukemia and normal myeloid cells. |journal=Leukemia |volume=11 |issue= 1 |pages= 54–63 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9001419 |doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2400522 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Russo AA, Tong L, Lee JO |title=Structural basis for inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk6 by the tumour suppressor p16INK4a. |journal=Nature |volume=395 |issue= 6699 |pages= 237–43 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9751050 |doi= 10.1038/26155 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Brotherton DH, Dhanaraj V, Wick S |title=Crystal structure of the complex of the cyclin D-dependent kinase Cdk6 bound to the cell-cycle inhibitor p19INK4d. |journal=Nature |volume=395 |issue= 6699 |pages= 244–50 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9751051 |doi= 10.1038/26164 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Baumgartner R, Fernandez-Catalan C, Winoto A |title=Structure of human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19INK4d: comparison to known ankyrin-repeat-containing structures and implications for the dysfunction of tumor suppressor p16INK4a. |journal=Structure |volume=6 |issue= 10 |pages= 1279–90 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9782052 |doi=10.1016/S0969-2126(98)00128-2 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Schreiber M, Muller WJ, Singh G, Graham FL |title=Comparison of the effectiveness of adenovirus vectors expressing cyclin kinase inhibitors p16INK4A, p18INK4C, p19INK4D, p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27KIP1 in inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of tumorigenicity. |journal=Oncogene |volume=18 |issue= 9 |pages= 1663–76 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10208428 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1202466 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Newton Bishop JA, Harland M, Bennett DC |title=Mutation testing in melanoma families: INK4A, CDK4 and INK4D. |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=80 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 295–300 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10390011 |doi= 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690354 | pmc=2363010 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Zindy F, Cunningham JJ, Sherr CJ |title=Postnatal neuronal proliferation in mice lacking Ink4d and Kip1 inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 23 |pages= 13462–7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10557343 |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.23.13462 | pmc=23970 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Thullberg M, Bartkova J, Khan S |title=Distinct versus redundant properties among members of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=470 |issue= 2 |pages= 161–6 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10734227 |doi=10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01307-7 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Bartkova J, Thullberg M, Rajpert-De Meyts E |title=Lack of p19INK4d in human testicular germ-cell tumours contrasts with high expression during normal spermatogenesis. |journal=Oncogene |volume=19 |issue= 36 |pages= 4146–50 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10962575 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1203769 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Fink JR, LeBien TW |title=Novel expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human B-cell precursors. |journal=Exp. Hematol. |volume=29 |issue= 4 |pages= 490–8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11301189 |doi=10.1016/S0301-472X(01)00619-1 }}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Zeeb M, Rösner H, Zeslawski W |title=Protein folding and stability of human CDK inhibitor p19(INK4d). |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=315 |issue= 3 |pages= 447–57 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11786024 |doi= 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5242 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Matsuzaki Y, Miyazawa K, Yokota T |title=Molecular cloning and characterization of the human p19(INK4d) gene promoter. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=517 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 272–6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12062451 |doi=10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02647-9 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Arcellana-Panlilio MY, Egeler RM, Ujack E |title=Evidence of a role for the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in ovarian granulosa cell tumors. |journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer |volume=35 |issue= 2 |pages= 176–81 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12203782 |doi= 10.1002/gcc.10108 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L |title=Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. |journal=Nat. Biotechnol. |volume=21 |issue= 5 |pages= 566–9 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12665801 |doi= 10.1038/nbt810 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Komata T, Kanzawa T, Takeuchi H |title=Antitumour effect of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16(INK4A), p18(INK4C), p19(INK4D), p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1)) on malignant glioma cells. |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=88 |issue= 8 |pages= 1277–80 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12698196 |doi= 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600862 | pmc=2747579 |display-authors=etal}}
}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{UCSC genome browser|CDKN2D}}
* {{UCSC gene details|CDKN2D}}

{{PDB Gallery|geneid=1032}}

{{Cell cycle proteins}}


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CDKN2D